词性转换

M1GrammarConversion词性转换英语的主要构词法有转化、派生和合成三种。派生又包括前缀和后缀。本模块学习的是转化和后缀。掌握基本的构词法知识，对于正确地识记单词，扩大词汇量，提高记忆速度和记忆效果，培养自学能力，具有非常重要的意义。转化和后缀Grammar1Areyoufamiliarwiththesesentences?Theyareallfromourbookswehavelearned.1.Chamberlainaveragedover50pointsagameforanentireseason.2.Duringthistime,hisaveragewasmorethan30pointsagame.3.Jordanwasthesecondplayertoscoremorethan3000pointsinaseason.4.Thefinalscorewas169-147!5.Becauseofthis,ImakesurethatIhaveagooddiet,andasI’vesaid,thisisn’taproblembecausemymotherfeedsussowell.(P3,B2)6.AndI’mnottooheavy,soIneverhavetodiet,oranythinglikethat.(P3,B2)7.WhenZhouKai’smothersawhimheadingtowardsthefrontdoorwithoutajacketon,sheeyedhimanxiously.(P2,B2)8.Heismuchbetternow,he’sfine.9.We’lltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.10.Shelovedthebigoldhouse.11.Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.12.Let’sgooutforawalk.13.Hesometimeswalkstoschool.I.Rewritethesentences.Example:What’stheanswer?Theywantmeto________thequestion.1.TheChicagoBullswonthetheirfirstchampionshipin1991.Therewasafirstchampionship____fortheChicagoBullsin1991.answerwin2.Jordansurprisedeveryonewhenheretired.Itwas__________foreveryonewhenheretired.3.Theychangedtherulesofthegametotrytostophim.Therewas_________intherulestotrytostophim.asurpriseachange根据斜体词在句中所作句子成分，判断其词性及其意义。1.Onlythuscanwebetterthelifeofthepeople.2.Theyfinallyfreedthemselvesfromslavery.3.Hepresentedhisopposedopinionatthemeeting.4.Shebusiedherselfwithhouseholdwork.5.Helitacandletolighttheroom.动词改善动词使自由动词提出动词使忙碌动词照亮一、转化：由一个词类变为另一个词类。主要有以下几种形式：1.动词转化为名词。如：Youdon’thavetoshoutatme.你没必要朝我嚷嚷。Weheardashoutandrantothespot.我们听到呼叫声就跑到那里。(shoutv.呼叫→n.呼叫声)2.名词转化为动词。(1)表示事物的名词转化为动词。如：Anncouldremembersittinginthebackseatoftheircar.安记得坐在他们车里的后排座上了。Theusherseatedusinthefrontrow.引座员让我们在前排坐下。(seatn.座位→v.就坐)(2)表示身体某部位的名词转化为动词。Heaskedusnottofingerthetomatoes.他让我们别摸西红柿。(fingern.手指→v.用手摸)Couldyouhandmethatbook?你能递给我那本书吗？(handn.手→v.传递)(3)表示一类人的名词转化为动词。如：Motherworriedaboutmyhealth.妈妈为我的健康担心。Shemotheredtwochildrenandadoptedathird.她生了两个孩子，又领养了一个。(mothern.母亲→v.生育)(4)某些抽象名词转化为动词。如：Tomwasweakwithhunger.汤姆饿得浑身无力。Ihungerforalongvacation.我渴望一个长假。(hungern.饥饿→v.渴望)3.形容词转化为动词。如：Thetrafficisheavyandslow.交通拥挤，车流缓慢。Weshouldslowdownatthecrossroad.在十字路口，我们应该减慢速度。(slowadj.慢的→v.放慢，使减速)4.形容词转化为名词。如：Johnlivedinalowhouse.约翰住在一间低矮的房子里。Profitshavereachedanewlowthismonth.本月的利润降到了新低点。(lowadj.低的→n.低点)有些词的词性转化后，词的重音发生变化export/'ekspɔ:t/n.出口/ik'spɔ:t/v.出口import/'impɔ:t/n.进口/im'pɔ:t/v.进口permit/'pә:mit/n.许可证/pә'mit/v.准许present/'prezәnt/n.礼物/pri'zent/v.赠送increase/'inkri:s/n.增加/in'kri:s/v.增加record/'rekɔ:d/n.唱片/ri'kɔ:d/v.记录注:word文档点击此处链接Individualactivity1.下一站是哪儿？2.他们朝宾馆走去。3.你能把那些纸递给我吗？Theyheadedforthehotel.Canyouhandmethosepaper?Whatisthenextstop?汉译英Shenursesheragedmothereveryday.6.每天她都照顾年迈的母亲。nurse4.昨天你在餐馆预定好座位了吗？Didyoubookseatsintherestaurantyesterday?TheynamedtheirdogBob.5.他们给狗取名为鲍勃。Grammar21.HealsofoundsuccessasanactorinthefilmSpaceJamalongsidethefamouscartooncharacterBugsBunny!2.Wearinghisfamousnumber23shirt,MichaelJordanbecamethemostsuccessfulbasketballplayerinthehistoryofthegame.Areyoufamiliarwiththesesentences?Theyareallfromourbookswehavelearned.3.Duringthe1990s,MichaelJordanwasprobablythebest-knownathleteintheworld.4.Millionsoffansadmirehisathleticability,motivationandconfidence.5.TheyhavefantasticstoriestotellaboutMichaelJordan.6.He’soldenoughtotakecareofhimself.7.Youshouldbemorecarefulwithyourmoney.8.Thecarelesswaiterdroppedthedishontotheground.9.Chinahasalongstory.10.SheteachesforeignstudentsChinese.totestyourabilityofshort-termmemoryGuess1.Healsofound_______asanactorinthefilmSpaceJamalongsidethefamouscartooncharacterBugsBunny!2.Wearinghisfamousnumber23shirt,MichaelJordanbecamethemost_________basketballplayerinthehistoryofthegame.successsuccessfulFillintheblanks.3.Duringthe1990s,MichaelJordanwasprobablythebest-known______intheworld.4.Millionsoffansadmirehis________ability,motivationandconfidence.5.Theyhave________storiestotellaboutMichaelJordan.athleteathleticfantastic6.He’soldenoughtotake____ofhimself.7.Youshouldbemore______withyourmoney.8.The________waiterdroppedthedishontotheground.9.______hasalongstory.10.Sheteachesforeignstudents________.carecarefulcarelessChineseChinaII.根据句意用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Thereissome_________(possible)thatourteamwillwinthebasketballmatch.2.Wemusttakemeasurestopreventfactoriesfromsendingout________(poison)gasesintotheair.3.Tomy_____________(disappoint),hefailedtopassthecollegeentranceexamthisyear.possibilitypoisonousdisappointment4.Itismuchmore_____________(comfort)totravelbyairthanbyship.5.Itwasbecauseofhis___________(care)thatthecaraccidenthappened.6.Shehaddonesomethingwrongandtoldusshewas______(true)sorryaboutit.comfortablecarelessnesstruly二、后缀：在词根的后面加上后缀构成另一个词。加在名词后构成形容词的后缀除了本模块中提到的-ful,-less,–ic,-al,-ive,-ous,–able,-ible,-y,-ly外，常见的还有以下几种：1.-an/-ian加在国名、地名之后，构成相应的形容词。如：Asian,Canadian,Indian；2.-en跟在一些物质名词之后构成形容词，表示“材料”或“质地”。如：wooden,golden;3.-ary表示“……的”。如：momentary,legendary,imaginary;4.-ese加在国名、地名之后构成相应的形容词。如：Chinese,Japanese;5.-ate表示“有……的”、“充满……的”。如：fortunate,passionate;6.-ical表示“……的”、“与