林语堂的翻译观及翻译赏析

“翻译是一门艺术”第一个提出应把现代语言学和心理学纳入翻译研究视角翻译的标准：第一是忠实标准第二是通顺标准第三是美的标准“忠实”的程度大致可以分为四等：直译、死译、意译、胡译。译者以句为单位，详细体会其意义，再将其翻译成有意义的中国话。《浮生六记》SixChaptersofaFloatingLife-------------翻译赏析《浮生六记》中翻译补偿1)芸谓华夫人日:“今日真如渔父入桃源矣。”“NowIreallyfeellikethefishmanwhowentuptothePeachBlossomSpring,”saidYüntoMrs.Hua.ReferencetoanidyllicretreatmentionedinanessaybyT’aoYüanming..(LinYutang)文外补偿(注释),即文化缺省部分在文内直译,同时以注释的方式对其进行说明。2)清明日,先生春祭扫墓,挈余同游。OntheCh’ingmingfestival,mytutorwasgoingtovisithisancestralgraveandbroughtmealong.Afestivalwhichfallsonanyunfixeddatesomewhereroundthemiddlepartofthespringmonths.Onthisdaypeopleareaccustomedtopaytheirvisittotheirancestraltombsinthecountry.3)腐不敢强,瓜可掩鼻略尝,入咽知其美;此犹无盐貌丑而德美也。Iwon’tcompelyoutoeatstinkingbean-curd,butcucumberisreallyverynice,ifyouholdyourbreathwhileeating.Youwillseewhenyouhavetastedityourself.ItislikeWuYien,anuglybutvirtuouswomanofold..(LinYutang)文内补偿:即文内意译,或直译与意译相结合,不借助注释。“无盐”,无盐为中国古代相传的贤良淑德的女子,虽其容貌丑陋4)是时风和日丽,遍地黄金,青衫红袖，越迁度陌,蝶蜂乱飞,令人不饮自醉。Thesunwasbeautifulandthebreezewasgentle.Whiletheyellowrapeflowersinthefieldlookedlikeastretchofgold,withgailydressedyoungmenandwomenpassingbythericefieldsandbeesandbutterfliesflittingtoandfro-asightwhichcouldmakeonedrunkwithoutanyliquor..(LinYutang)“黄金”指的是微风吹落的花瓣“青衫”：古时学子所穿之服，借指学子、书生。“红袖”：女子，女人，侍女；侍读的女子子所穿之服例中“青衫”和“红袖”是一种转喻5)(芸)于腰间折而缝之,外加马褂。———Shetuckeditroundthewaistandputonamakuaontop.(LinYutang)———Shestitchedatackaroundthewaistandcovereditwithashortjacket(ShirleyMD2Black)异化:即主张译文以源语或源语作者为归宿,放弃寻找异语中的对等文化马褂是清代满人穿着的一种无袖外衣,它和西式夹克毫无相似之处6)余虽恋其卧而德其正,因亦随之早起。———AlthoughIwantedhertolieinbedlonger,Icouldnothelpadmiringhervirtue,andsogotupmyself,too,atthesametimewithher.(LinYutang)———Iwantedtomakelovetoheragain;toholdherinmyarmsalittlelonger;yetIhadsuchrespectforherstrengthofcharacterthatImademyselfgetoutofbed,assoonasshedid.(ShirleyMD2Black)中国社会经历了两千多年的封建主义的约束,人们意识敏感、保守。有关性的话题长期以来被当作禁忌。“卧”是委婉语,林语堂用lieinbed恰如其分,而布莱克的译文就过于西化了