Gender-equality-and-development新

1、GenderequalityanddevelopmentBy姚稳张云华涂利芬Wewilltalkfrom……•Genderroles•GenderandAdaptationtoClimateChange•Genderinequality•Genderequality—Policyframework•PromotingGenderEqualitythroughtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals•WhathasAustraliadonetoadvancegenderequalityGenderroles•Whenmentionedgenderroles,whatareyourstereotypes?•Doyouthinklikethis?Genderroles•InChinesetradition,menandwomen,properly,diddifferentthings:“mantills,womanweaves.”Women'sspherewas“inside,”andmen's“outside,”yeteachwasseenascriticaltothe。

2、maintenanceofthehouseholdeconomy.InaChinesefamily,men'sroleisdefinedasbreadwinnerandwomen'sishousekeeper.Genderroles•Itisbelievedthatuponthesocialandeconomicdevelopment,theincreaseofwomen'sentryintolaborforcecausesrolechangebetweenwomenandmenfromprivatespheretopublicsphere.However,men'srolechangedoesnotusuallykeeppacewithwomen'sroleshift.Assuch,underthedominantlypatriarchaldefinitionofgenderroles,whichhasbeenlastforseveralcenturies,mentendtoholdlessegalitarianattitudesthanwomendo.Ontheotherhand,。

3、frompersonalinterestperspective,womentendtosupportegalitariangenderroles.Genderroles•Fourpopularstatementsabouttheplaceofthewomenandmeninthesocietyandinthefamily,aswellasgenderdivisionoffamilylaborareasfollows:1.Husbandsshouldworkoutside,whilewivesshouldstayathome2.Womenareborntobebetterthanmentotakecareofthefamily3.Husbandsshouldsharepartofhousework,ifwivesworkoutside4.Husband'sachievementincareeriswife'sachievementGenderroles•Researchshowsthatwomenandmenwhohaveseniorhighandcollegeeducationarem。

4、orelikelythanloweducatedcounterpartstobeliberalintheattitudestowardthegeneralconceptualizationofgenderdivisioninthesocietyandbetweenfamilies.•Andtheirurbanexperienceisalsotheimportantfactorinfluencingtheirattitudestowardwomen'sfamilyroles.Menwhosefathershaveprofessionaljobsaremorelikelythantheircounterpartstobeliberalingenderroleattitudes.Thestrongestpredictorisspouse'semployment.Thosewithwiveshavingjobstendtohaveegalitarianattitudes.Genderroles•However,themodernscientificandtechnologicalrevolut。

5、ionnotonlybrokethetraditionalideaofgenderroles,butalsochangedthedefinitionsofmasculinityandfemininity.Withtheincreasingpopularityofscienceanddemocraticawarenessamongpeople,womenacquiredthedesiretoobtainknowledge,graduallywontherightofbeingeducatedbystruggling,andbrokethroughtheoutwornideathatawomanwithvirtueisonewithoutabilities.Theybegantogooutoffamilyandintothesocietytopursuetheircareers,whichchangedthesituationofmenundertakingallsocialwork,andgraduallygainedequalrightsasmeninpoliticsandeconom。

6、y.Genderroles•Thetraditionalbalancebetweengenderswhichhadlastedforthousandsofyearshasbeenbroken.Thetraditionalgenderrelationshiphasalsobeenshakenradically.Furthermore,inthenewsocialstructure,thecontrastbetweentherolesofgendershasshownstratificationanddifferentiation.Themodernscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionbrokethelimitationofdependantharmony,andbroughtgenderrelationshipintoanewstageofindependentharmony.Astimeschanged,thefiercemodernscientificandtechnologicalrevolutioncausedanamazingtransfor。

7、mationinthewayofproduction,oflife,ofcommunication,andofwayofthinkinginmenandwomen,bymoremeansthen,Genderroles•forexample,revolutioninthekitchenaswellasthoseininformationtechnologyandreproductivetechnologies,thusfurtherpromotedthedevelopmentofdepthofindependentharmonybetweengenders.Humansocietyisboundtogetpassthekingdomofnecessityandreachthekingdomoffreedom.Inthefuturehumansociety,thescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionwillpromotetheoveralldevelopmentofmenandwomen,andpavethepathforfreedomharmonyi。

8、ngenderrelationship.Ultimately,humansocietywillinevitablyachievefreedomharmonybetweengenders.GenderandAdaptationtoClimateChange•Theeffectsofglobalclimatechangeincludeextremeweathereventssuchasincreasedintensityofcyclones,droughtsandflooding.Althoughitmayseemeverybodywouldbeequallyexposedtothesehazards,thisisnotso.IntheIndianOceanTsunami,threewomentoeveryonemandiedbecausewomencouldnotescapethewaves,eitherbecausetheywereencumberedbytheirlongskirts,weretryingtoholdontochildren,orsimplydidn'tknowhow。

9、toswimorclimbtrees.Womenhavelessaccesstoresources,economicadvantage,socialrightsandenvironmentaljustice,allofwhichmakesthemmorevulnerabletoclimateanddisasterrisk.GenderandAdaptationtoClimateChange•ArecentmeetingofthePacificforumfocusedontopicssuchasdisasterriskmanagementandadaptationtoclimatechange,withparticularreferencetounderstandingthegenderimplications.InthePacificgenderrolesandknowledgearestrictlydefinedandsegregated.Yetwomen'sknowledgeandsocialpracticescouldbeusedtoadvantagetobuildcommuni。

10、tyresilience.•DuringadroughtinthesmallislandsoftheFederatedStatesofMicronesia,localwomen,knowledgeableaboutislandhydrology,foundpotablewaterbydigginganewwellthatreachedthefreshwaterlens.PacificislandmenknowmoreGenderandAdaptationtoClimateChange•aboutfishingindeepoceanwaterswhereaswomen,becausetheyoftencollectshellfishclosetothewatersedge,knowtheshoreline.Women'sobservationscouldaddsignificantvaluetoprogramsdesignedtoprotectagainstcoastalerosion.Divisionsoflaborbetweenmenandwomendenotedifferentexp。