高三英语语法总复习介词

介词(preposition)一介词的分类与语法功能介词是虚词，不能单独做句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句）构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词:at,in,on,for,to合成介词:within,inside,onto,throughout短语介词:accordingto,outof,becauseof,bymeansof,inspiteof,insteadof双重介词：frombehind/above/under,untilafter分词介词：considering,including,judgingfrom/by1、表示时间的介词(1)at，on，inIwillhavelunch____12:00.Ihaveameeting___theafternoonofhisarrival.TherewasapoetcalledLiBai____theTangDynasty.二、核心介词用法解析atoninItrainedheavilyinlastnight.(2)for，during，throughIhavestudied______4years.Hedied_______thewar.Shekeptquietall_________breakfast.forduringthroughfor：指某个动作或状态持续了多少时间during：在……期间through：一直（从开头到结束）(3)from，sinceIwork______7:00amto5pm.I’vebeenwaiting________teno'clockfrom:只用作介词，表示某动作或情况自某时开始，不表示什么时候结束。since：既可用作介词，也可用作连词，常表示某动作或情况自某时开始，一直持续到说话时刻。sincefrom(4)till，until_______2004,shelivedinCanada.Itisnot______thenthatherealizestheimportanceofhealth.Keepupthestruggle_______yousucceed.till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。Untiluntiluntil/till(5)in，later，afterIwillgotoShanghai____threeweeks.Tenminutes______shelookedagainandsawabodyontheroad.Heleftthere________twoo'clockthatafternooninlaterafterin+一段时间,“在……之内”，常用一般将来时。after“在……之后”，其后既可接时间点，又可接时间段。一段时间＋later2、表示地点、方位的介词(1)at，inheworks____ashop.shelived____theUK.at在较小的场所，in在较大的场所(2)on，at，in，off还可以表示两地的相对位置。若A地属于B地，用in；A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接，用on；无边缘的衔接，用to；A在B附近，用off。atin(3)across,throughacross在物体表面“穿过”；through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。(4)over，above,under，belowover，above译作“在……之上”；under，below译作“在……的下面”，其区别在于over，under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而above，below则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”，不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。(5)infrontof，inthefrontofShespenthours_____________themirror,combingthroughherlonghair.Thereisawindow_______________myroom.infrontof通常相对于某物体的外部来说，指某人或某物位于该物前面，意为“在……前面”；inthefrontof通常相对于空间而言，指某人或某物位于某个空间的内部，意为“在……的前部”。infrontofinthefrontof(6)near,beside,by,nextto三个词都是“在旁边，在附近，靠近”的意思：但是表示远近时候还是有区别的。从近到一般近到最近为到：nearbeside/bynextto3、表示方式、手段、工具的介词：by,through,with,inHemovedthehugestone____hand.Pleaseretellthefairystory____English.Wecansee_____oureyes.IwanttogotoBeijing_____plane.Hegothisjob_______thisadvertisement.byinbythroughwithby表示泛指的方式或手段，也常指交通工具with常与工具或人体器官连用in常与语言、材料、文字等连用through常指通过某种中介ataspeed\priceof“以…速度\价格”4、表示“除……之外”的常用词。①besides除……以外(还有)。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。②except除去，除……之外(不再有)。③exceptfor除了……(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)，后接名词、代词或what从句。④exceptthat＋句子...除了……一点以外。⑤but与exceptbut和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用。⑥apartfrom,inadditionto除……以外(还有)5、among表示“在……之中”，三者或以上between表示“在……之间”，强调两者之间6、表原因的介词for，becauseof，dueto,owingto,thanksto,onaccountof7、不定式复合结构中的for，of表语形容词能够说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征与面貌时用of，如果说明不定式行为本身的性质、状态等则用for。8、兼类词（兼作连词和副词）after，since，till/until，before9、介词的省略某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略prevent(from)doing;spend(in)doing等10、某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。①用to的表示所属的名词有：key，answer，visit，entrance，apology，introduction，road，path,note等。②要求接in的名词有：interest，satisfaction，expert等。介词是语法填空的一个必考点,请做以下近年高考语法填空题中与介词相关的题吧。1.Ididn’twanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidn’tlikeleavinghim___hisowneither.介词与高考on2.Histeachertookadeepdrinkandthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthome_____ahappyheart.with3.Janestoppedwhereasmallcrowdofmenhadgathered.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes____sale.on4.ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople’sdailylife.__________theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.Behind/In5.Hewasverytired_________doingthisforawholeday.after6.Irealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingastowhoshouldhavethehonorofreceivingme__aguestintheirhouse.as7.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman___thetroubleIhadcausedher.for一、单句填空请填入一个适当的词。1.So,Ijustlookedather____aquestioningexpressiononmyface.灵活运用with2.Duringthewinter,theyremindthemselves,“Thiswon’tlastlong;we’llsoonbeoutofhere.”And___thefirstwarmday,theantsareout.on3.Heaskedmetofeedthebirdsforhimandsaidthathewouldleavethekey___hisfrontdoorinmymailbox.to4.IoncetookawalkalongthestreetonaSaturdaydusk,_____aPepsicaninmyhand.5.Shestaredatme___afewsecondsandhandedbackthemoney.withfor6.Itwasacoldandcloudyafternoon.Iwasonthebuswithmychildren，agedfourandtwo,headinghomewhenitstartedtorain.Irealizedthiswouldmeanawetwalkhome____thebusstop.from7.Dudleyhasahistorydatingbackover1,000years,anditsfamouscastlehasbeenthere______the8thcentury.8.Weshouldtakesomemeasurestofight_______pollution.sinceagainst9.Seatedinyourhomeyouarecapable____findingalotofsources.10.Topayforthehigh-techhealthcare，peoplecanbuyhealthinsurance___theirpets.offor11.Somehighschoolstudentsmayberequiredtohaveaninterview____peoplefromtheuniversity.12.Duringonevisit___thePacificislandsofTonga,aspeciallyprepareddinnerwasarrangedinherhonor.withto13.Graduationisagoodtimetothankthosewhohavehelpedyou_______thetoughyears.through14.Everybodywastouched_______wordsaftertheyheardhermovingstory.beyond