Adam-Bede

AdamBede1390030104张洁IntroductionPlotCharactersThemeIntroductionAdamBede,thefirstnovelwrittenbyGeorgeEliot(thepennameofMaryAnnEvans),waspublishedin1859.Itwaspublishedpseudonymously（匿名地）,eventhoughEvanswasawell-publishedandhighlyrespectedscholarofhertime.GeorgeEliotMaryAnnEvans(1819—1880),knownbyherpennameGeorgeEliot,wasanEnglishnovelist,poet,journalist,translatorandoneoftheleadingwritersoftheVictorianera.Despitethestrongsocialconventionsofhertimes,shelivedunmarriedwithfellowwriterGeorgeHenryLewesforover20years.Shewrotesevennovels,mostofthemsetinprovincialEnglandandknowsfortheirintensemoralconcernandpsychologicalrealism.WorksAdamBede(1859)《亚当贝德》TheMillontheFloss(1859--1860)《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》SilasMarner(1861)《织工马南传》FelixHolt(1866)《费利克斯·霍尔特》TheSpanishGypsy(1868)《西班牙吉卜赛人》Middlemarch(1871–1872)《米德尔马契》DanielDeronda(1876)《丹尼尔·德龙达》PlotThestory'splotfollowsfourcharacters'rurallivesinthefictionalcommunityofHayslope—arural,pastoralandclose-knitcommunityin1799.AdamBedeHettySorrelDinahMorrisArthurDonnithorneAdamisalocalcarpentermuchadmiredforhisintegrityandintelligence,inlovewithHetty.SheisattractedtoArthur,thelocalsquire‘scharminggrandsonandheir,andfallsinlovewithhim.WhenAdaminterruptsatryst(幽会）betweenthem,AdamandArthurfight.ArthuragreestogiveupHettyandleavesHayslopetoreturntohismilitia.Afterheleaves,HettySorrelagreestomarryAdambutshortlybeforetheirmarriage,discoverssheispregnantIndesperation,sheleavesinsearchofArthurbutshecannotfindhim.Unwillingtoreturntothevillageonaccountoftheshameandostracism（排斥）shewouldhavetoendure,shedeliversherbabywiththeassistanceofafriendlywomansheencounters.Shesubsequentlyabandonstheinfantinafieldbutnotbeingabletobearthechild‘scries,shetriestoretrieve（找回）theinfant.However,sheistoolate,theinfanthavingalreadydiedofexposure.Hettyiscaughtandtried(审判）forchildmurder.Sheisfoundguiltyandsentencedtohang.Dinahenterstheprisonandpledges（发誓；保证）tostaywithHettyuntiltheend.HercompassionbringsaboutHetty'scontriteconfession.WhenArthurDonnithorne,onleavefromthemilitiaforhisgrandfather'sfuneral,hearsofherimpendingexecution,heracestothecourtandhasthesentencecommutedtotransportation.Ultimately,AdamandDinah,whograduallybecomeawareoftheirmutuallove,marryandlivepeacefullywithhisfamily.AdamBedeAtall,stalwart（健壮的）,moral,andunusuallycompetent(有能力的）carpenter.Hebearsanexpressionoflarge-heartedintelligence.HettySorrelMr.Poyser‘sorphanedniece,wholivesandworksatthePoyserfarm.Herbeauty,asdescribedbyGeorgeEliot,isthesort“whichseemsmadetoturntheheadsnotonlyofmen,butofallintelligentmammals(哺乳动物）,evenofwomen.DinahMorrisAnotherorphanednieceofthePoysers.Sheisalsobeautiful–“Itwasoneofthosefacesthatmakeonethinkofwhiteflowerswithlighttouchesofcolourontheirpurepetals”–buthaschosentobecomeanitinerantMethodistpreacher（卫理公会教派巡回传道士),anddressesveryplainly.ArthurDonnithorneStandstoinherithisgrandfather’sestate.Heisahandsomeandcharmingsportsman.ThemeInnervs.OuterBeauty(Dinahvs.Hetty)Eliotcontrastsinnerandouterbeautythroughoutthenoveltoexpresstheideathatexternalandinternalrealitydonotalwayscorrespond.AlthoughHettyismorephysicallybeautifulthanDinah,sheiscoldanduglyinside.Hetty’souterbeautymasksherinnerugliness,especiallytoCaptainArthurandAdam.UnlikeHetty,Dinahhasaninnerbeautyforshehelpsandcaresforthosearoundher.ShecomfortsLisbeththroughthemourningofherdeadhusband,andAdamtakesnoticeofthis.AdamdoesnotthinkDinahisasphysicallybeautifulasHetty,butheisdrawntoherloveandmissiontohelpthosearoundher.HisfeelingsforDinahchangeafterhewitnessesDinahconsoling(安慰；慰藉）Hetty,andAdambeginstoseeDinahasoutwardlybeautiful.