词汇学第一、二章课后习题及答案

2012级（1）班Chaper1TheBasicConceptsOfWordsandVocabularyI.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.1.______isthemostimportantofallcharacteristicsofthebasicwordstock.A.ProductivityStabilityC.CollocabilityD.Allnationalcharacter2.Nonbasicvocabularyincludesallofthefollowingexcept_______.A.slangB.Anglo-SaxonwordsC.argotsD.neologisms3.Accordingtotheoriginsofthewords,Englishwordscanbeclassifiedinto_______.A.contentwordsandfunctionalwordsB.nativewordsandborrowedwordsC.basicwordsanddialectalwordsD.loanwordsanddialectalwords4.Borrowingscanbedividedinto________.A.liens,semanticloans,translationloans,denizensB.emptywords,notionalwords,formwords,contentwordsC.blends,portmanteauwords,acronyms,initializesD.derivatives,compounds,convertedwordsandclippedwords5.Apartfromthecharacteristicsofbasicvocabulary,nativewordshavetwootherfeatures,namely_________.A.ProductivityandstabilityB.neutralityinstyleandhighfrequencyinuseC.collectabilityandpolysemyD.formalityandarbitrariness6．Thewordbeaver(meaning“girl”)is_______.A.adialectalwordB.argotC.anarchaismD.slang7.AIDSasanonbasicwordis_______.A.jargonB.anarchaismC.aneologismD.slang8.Formwordsincludethefollowingwordclassesexcept_______.A.conjunctionsB.auxiliariesC.prepositionsD.adjectives9.Vocabularycanrefertothefollowingexcept_______.A.thetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguageB.allthewordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiodC.allthewordsofagivendialectD.mostwordsapersonknows10.Kimonoisaloanwordfrom_______.A.GermanB.FrenchC.SpanishD.Japanese11._______formthemainstreamofthebasicwordstock.A.Anglo-SaxonwordsB.FrenchwordsC.DanishwordsD.Latinwords12.Blackhumoris_______.A.atranslationloanB.asemanticloanC.adenizenD.analien13.Pronounsandnumeralsaresemantically_______andhavelimited_______.A.polysemous;useandstabilityB.monosemous;collocabilityandstabilityC.polysemous;useandproductivityD.monosemous;productivityandcollectability14.Indigestionis_______.A.jargonB.slangC.terminologyD.anarchaism15.By_______,wordsfallintofunctionalwordsandcontentwords.A.usefrequencyB.notionC.originD.wordformation16.Thesymbolicconnectionbetweensoundandmeaningisalmostalways_______.A.motivatedB.arbitraryC.logicalD.unconventional17._______areloanwordsthathavebecomeassimilatedinEnglish.A.DenizensB.SemanticloansC.TranslationloansD.Aliens18.Smoky,whichmeans“police”,isa(n)_______word.A.slangB.argotC.loanD.jargon19.Whereinwhichmeans“inwhat”isa(n)word._______A.slangB.archaicC.functionalD.dialectal20.Thedifferencebetweensoundandformduetoallthefollowingexcept_______.A.morephonemesthanlettersB.stabilizationofspellingbyprintingC.changeofspellingbyearlyscribesD.developmentofpronunciationII.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook1.Lexicologyisabranchoflinguisticsstudyingtheoriginsand_______ofwords.2.Awordisaminimalfreeformoflanguagethathasagivensound,meaningand_______function.3.Inspiteofthedifferencesbetweensoundandform,atleast_______percentoftheEnglishwordsfitconsistentspellingpatterns4.Allthewordsinlanguagemakeupits_______.5.The_______wordstockisthefoundationsofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformthecommoncoreofthelanguage.6.By_______,beginisanativeword.7._______vocabularyincludecant,jargonandargot.8.Thereisno_______relationshipbetweenthesoundwhichstandsforathingoranideaandtheactualthingandideaitself.9._______arethebasicunitsofsentences.10.Earlyborrowingsaremostly_______whereaslaterloanwordsremainforeigninsoundandspelling.III.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse()1.Awordcanbedefinedindifferentwaysfromdifferentpointsofview.()2.Undernocircumstancescansoundandmeaningbeintrinsicallyrelated.()3.Theintroductionofprintingpressresultedinalotmoredifferencesbetweensoundandform.()4.Thewordsapersoncanuseinspeakingandwritingformhisactivevocabulary.()5.Theprinciplesbywhichtoclassifywordsareusage,notionandorigin.()6.Nativewordsaremorepopularthanforeignwords.()7.Nativewordsenjoythesamefeaturesasthebasicwordstockandmore.()8.audl(meaning“old”)isaninstanceofarchaism.()9.Kowtowisaloanwordknownasanalien.()10.Longtimenoseeisacaseoftranslationloan.IV.Giveatermforeachofthefollowingdefinitions.1.Sub-standardwordsoftenusedoninformaloccasions.()2.Specializedvocabularycommonincertainprofessions.()3.Wordsusedbysub-culturegroups,particularlybyunderstoodsociety.()4.Wordsthathaveclearnotions.()5.WordsofAnglo-Saxonorigin.()6.Wordsborrowedbywayoftranslation.()7.Oldwordswithnewmeanings.()8.Wordswhichhavebecomeassimilated.()9.Nativeformswhosemeaningsareborrowed.()10.Wordsessentialtonativespeakers’dailycommunication.()V.Answerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.1.Whatistherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaning?2.Whyaretheresomanydifferencesbetweensoundandform?3.Whatarethecriteriaforclassificationofwords?4.Whatarethecharacteristicsofthebasicwordandwordstock?[Answers]I.1.D2.B3.B4.A5.B6.D7.C8.D9.D10.D11.A12.A13.D14.C15.B16.B17.A18.A19.B20.DII.1.meanings2.syntaitic3.80(eighty)4.vocabulary5.basic6.origin7.Nonbaic8.logical9.Words10assimilatedIII.1.T