高二(下)选修八-Unit-2-语法同位语从句

Unit2CloningLearningaboutLanguage选修八语法讲解1.同位语theAppositive同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语的表现形式有以下几种：1)名词Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.2)代词Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.3)数词Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.4)从句Hetoldmethenewsthattheplanehadexploded.他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。5)由suchas,thatis引导Somesubjects,suchasmathsandphysics,areverydifficulttolearn.某些学科，例如数学和物理，是很难学的。6)由of引导ThecityofBeijinghasbeengreatlychangedsince2000.自从2000年以来，北京市发生了很大的变化。7)由or引导Thefreezingtemperature,orfreezingpoint,isthetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesunderordinarypressure.结冰温度即冰点，是水在常压下结冰时的温度。一.指出下例句子划线部分是什么句子成份。1.ThereisgoingtobeaChinesefilmtonight.()2.SheistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.()3.Herwishistobecomeateacher.()练习(一)表语谓语表语4.He,mybrother,managedtofinishtheworkintime.()5.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.()6.WefounditimportanttolearnEnglish.()7.Doyouhaveanythingelsetowash?()同位语状语形式宾语定语8.Tobehonest,yourwritingisn’tsogood.()9.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourname?()10.Theynoticedamanentertheroom.()间接宾语、直接宾语宾语补足语插入语1.Myperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn’treachtherequiredstandard,_____,Ifailed.A.intheendB.afterallC.inotherwordsD.atthesametime2.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,____Iwillalwaystreasure.(NMET2002)A.thatB.oneC.itD.what二.单项填空CB1.OnmywayhomeImetanoldfriendofmy.2.Theypaidnoattentiontothedoctor’sadvicetheyshouldstopsmoking.三.单句改错第二个my改为mine在they前加that2.同位语从句theAppositiveclause(1)同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,连接副词how,when,where,whether,what等。e.g.Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：注意:ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.⑵同位语从句的表现形式:①由that引导Thefactthatyouhaven’tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable.Thehopethathemaycomehereisnotgoneyet.ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.Thetruththatheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedisknowntoall.Theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.②由whether引导Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.③由when引导Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.⑶有时可用namely(即),thatistosay(也就是说),inotherwords(换句话说),thatis(那就是),forexample等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.AltogetherDollyhadlivedforsixyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.⑷同位语从句与定语从句的区别:同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们:①同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词;定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.(定语从句)②同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系；定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.(同位语从句,news和从句没有逻辑关系)Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.(定语从句,news是told的逻辑宾语)Theorderwhenweshouldgobackhasn’treachedus.(同位语从句,order和从句没有逻辑关系)ThedaywhenNewChinawasfoundedwillneverbeforgotten.(定语从句,day是founded的逻辑状语)③同位语从句主要由连接词that引导，有时也可用when,where,who,whether等引导;定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.(同)Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?(定)④同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子,谓语动词用be的不同形式。Heheardthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.此句可以变为一个表语从句:Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.⑤从引导词来看:引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分—主语或宾语，有具体词义,作宾语时还可以省略。例如：a)Thefactory______wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.b)Thenews______hewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.(that)that定语从句同位语从句1.TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.ThefactthattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.I.把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinchina.3.Teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyChineseparentsholdtheview.ManyChineseparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.4.Timetravelispossible./Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea.Wehavenoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.5.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople.1.Wedon’tthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句)2.ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowellinhisexam.约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句)II.翻译句子，并说明这个名词性从句的作用。3.Whethertheyarecomingornotdon’tmattertoomuch.他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句)4.Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.现在是我们最需要他的时候。(表语从句)5.Ihavenoideahowshegotthroughtheforest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句)6.Thefactthattheywontheprizemadeushappy.他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。(同位语从句)1.Ican’tdecide_____bookIshouldbuy.2.Chinaisnolonger_____itusedtobe.3.Iamveryinterestedin_____heimprovedhisEnglishinsuchashorttime.4.______weneedismoremoney.5.Thetruth_____theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntous.6._____and______wewillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.whichwhathowWhatⅢ.用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。thatWhenwhere1.Thenews_____________________