PLC的地铁自动门控制系统的设计

1摘要可编程序控制器通产简称为PLC，是近年来发展迅速的工业控制装置，已广泛应用于工业企业各个领域。随着人们生活水平的不断提高和科学技术的飞速发展，人们更加注重自动化和人性化的产品。自动门是楼宇设备中的光机电一体化技术产品，它给人以亲切大方的感觉，同时营造出奢华的气氛，其全新的概念，宽敞的开放门面和高格调的设计，堪称建筑物的点睛之笔，由于PLC控制具有较高的可靠性、稳定性、维修方便等优点，因此，自动门的生产商家很多都运用PLC来做门的控制器。本文是关于地铁自动门控制系统的设计，地铁自动门系统主要由可编程控制器（PLC）、感应器件、驱动装置和传动装置组成。由于地铁作为公共交通工具，特别强调其安全可靠性。因此在此提出了一种以s7—400可编程序控制器(PLC)为核心的自动门控制系统。该控制器是西门子s7系列产品中的高端产品，适合于大中型系统的控制，具有集自动化技术、计算机技术、通信技术融为一体的新型工业自动装置。它有可编程性，且编程灵活简单，有在恶劣环境下工作的高抗干扰能力，适应性力。等特点，在工业控制应用上越来越广泛。本文分析了地铁自动门控制系统在地铁运行过程中的过程原理，介绍了地铁自动门的硬件设计，PLC选型，驱动装置选型，感应器件的选型，系统软件设计，PLC梯形图设计，软件设计，程序调试，硬件接线等多方面内容。关键词：可编程控制器；S7-400；自动门；地铁；梯形图；变频控制2abstractProgrammablecontrolleristypicallyreferredtoasPLC,isdevelopingrapidlyinrecentyearstheindustrialcontrolequipment,hasbeenwidelyusedinindustrialfields.Withthecontinuousimprovementofpeople'slivingstandardandtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,peoplepaymoreattentiontoautomationandhumanizedproducts.Opto-mechatronicsintegrationtechnologyofautomaticdoorisbuildingequipmentproducts,itgivesapersonthesensewithkindandgenerous,createsanatmosphereofluxuryatthesametime,thenewconcept,spaciousopenappearanceandhighstyledesign,isthenodseyeballpenofbuildings,becausethePLCcontrolhashighreliability,stability,convenientmaintenance,asaresult,theproductionofautomaticdoorsmanymerchantsusePLCtodothedoorcontroller.Thisarticleisaboutthedesignofundergroundautomaticdoorcontrolsystem,theautomaticdoorsystemismainlycomposedofprogrammablecontroller(PLC),inductiondevice,drivingdeviceanddrivingunit.Becausethesubwayaspublictransport,withparticularemphasisonthesafetyandreliability.Sointhispaperpresentsas7-400programmablecontroller(PLC)asthecoreofautomaticdoorcontrolsystem.Thecontrolleristhehigh-endproductinSiemenss7seriesproducts,suitableforlargeandmedium-sizedsystemcontrol,hasasetofautomationtechnology,computertechnology,communicationtechnologyintegrationofnewindustrialautomaticequipment.Ithasprogrammability,andflexible,simpleprogrammingworkunderbadenvironmentofhighanti-interferenceability,adaptability.Waitforacharacteristic,hasbeenwidelyusedinindustrialcontrolapplications.Metroautomaticdoorcontrolsysteminmetroareanalyzedinthispapertheprocessprincipleoftheoperationprocess,thispaperintroducesthehardwaredesignofmetroautomaticdoors,typeselectionofPLC,drivesselection,sensorselectionandsystemsoftwaredesign,PLCladderdiagramdesign,softwaredesign,programdebugging,hardwareconnectionandsoonmanyaspects.3前言....................................................................5第1章概述.............................................................61.1本课题研究的目的和意义...........................................6第2章国内外自动门发展.................................................72.1国内外自动门发展现状.............................................72.2毕业设计任务及要求...............................................82.2.1设计任务要求................................................82.2.2本课题研究的内容............................................8第3章地铁自动门控制系统总体方案设计...................................93.1系统设计的基本步骤...............................................93.2在地铁自动门的功能需求分析......................................103.3地铁自动门的控制要求............................................113.4地铁自动控制系统具体构成........................................113.5自动门的机械传动机构设计........................................12第4章PLC概述.........................................................134.1PLC的概念......................................................134.2PLC的主要功能..................................................134.3与其他控制系统的区别............................................144.3.1PLC与其它典型控制系统的区别...............................144.3.2与单片机控制系统的区别....................................154.4S7-400系列PLC的组成与基本结构.................................164.5PLC的硬件系统..................................................164.6PLC的工作原理..................................................19第5章地铁自动门控制系统的硬件设计....................................205.1PLC的选择.....................................................205.2驱动装置的选型..................................................225.3感应器件的选型..................................................235.4直流电动机的选型................................................2445.4.1直流电动机的调速...........................................245.4.2直流电动机的优势...........................................245.5传动装置........................................................255.6限位开关........................................................255.7自动门控制系统I/0地址分配表....................................255.8自动们控制系统的原理图..........................................275.8.1主电路及供电线路...........................................27第6章自动门控制系统软件的设计........................................286.1工作过程的分析..................................................286.2梯形图程序......................................................296.2.1梯形图的概述..............................................296.2.2梯形图的设计.............................................30第7章程序调试.......................................................337.1硬件线路连接....................................................33第八章总结............................................................36第九章参考