定语从句课件 (1)

中考总复习之定语从句1.Themanisaworker.2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.合并句子:Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(Attributiveclause)Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.thatwho人/物人which物定语从句的用法:当先行词是物时,用which或that引导.Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.IlikethemusicthatIcansingalongwith.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.一.定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二.定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词:that,which,who（宾格whom,所有格whose）关系副词:where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三.定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。关系代词的用法1.that可指人和物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略。Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.（that作主语）Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthestationisahospital.Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.3.who,whom指人,who用作主语或宾语,whom用作宾语。ThegirlwhohelpsmewithmyChineseisfromChina.Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?注意(1)定语从句中的介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.Pleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedthenovel.(2)含有介词的动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原位。Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.(3)that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway关系词只能用that的情况a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时。Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.b.先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时。Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时。ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.d.先行词里同时含有人或物时。IrememberthepersonandpicturesthatIsaw.e.who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？f.therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,不用which.ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。关系副词的用法(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。Thisistheplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。(3)why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学迟到。