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1.过去十年中发生的变化使这个城市看上去大不相同了。误:Thechangestookplaceinthepasttenyearshavemadethecitylookquitedifferent.正:Thechangeswhich(that)tookplace-----------2.我们三周前交的作文还没有批改。误:Thecompositionswehandedtheminthreeweeksagohaven’tbeenmarkedyet.正:Thecompositionswehandedinthree------.析:定语从句中已省去作宾语的关系代词that(which),因此句中的人称代词them为多余的,造成语义重复,故将them去掉。3.这座城市再也不是过去那个样子了。Thecityisnolongerthecitywhatitusedtobe.正:The-----city(that)itusedtobe.Thecityisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.析:what引导名词性从句,不能引导定语从句。关系代词that在定语从句中作表语时,可省略。4.我是你的最好的朋友,在你遇到困难时当然会帮助你的。I,whoisyourbestfriend,willcertainlyhelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.正:I,whoamyourbest---------.析:定语从句谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词的人称和数一致。句中I为先行词,从句谓语be的形式应用am。5.她是这家幼儿园中拿高工资的为数不多的女孩之一。Sheisoneofthefewgirlswhoiswellpaidinthekindergarten.正:Sheis----girlswhoarewell-------.析:定语从句前若为“oneof+复数名词”结构时,先行词是靠近它的复数名词,而不是one,从句谓语动词用复数形式。当one之前有theonly等修饰时,先行词为one,从句谓语用单数。如:MaryistheonlyoneofMrBrown’sfourdaughterswhohasreceivedhighereducation.6.所有需要做的事情都必须做好。误:Allwhichneedstobedonemustbedonewell.正:Allthatneeds----------well.析:定语从句的先行词若为不定代词anything,everything,nothing,all,little,much等时,引导词用that,而不用which。7.课堂上老师给我们讲述了我们大家不熟悉的这位作家及他的作品。Inclassourteacherspoketousaboutthewriterandhisworkswhichwerestillunknowntousall.正:Inclass----worksthatwerestillunknowntousall.析:先行词中既又指人的名词,又有指物的名词时。8.楼下我们有两个空房间,至少一年没人住了。Wehavetwospareroomsdownstairs,neitherofthemhasbeenusedforatleastayear.----downstairs,neitherofwhichhas----.----downstairs,butneitherofthemhas---.----downstairs.Neitherofthemhas-----.析:两句之间若为逗号,后一句应是定语从句,用关系代词;中间若是连接词,则为并列句,要用人称代词。9.他假装没听懂我的话,这使我很生气。误:HepretendednottounderstandwhatIsaid,thismademeveryangry.正:He-----whatIsaid,whichmademeveryangry.析:that不能引导非限制性定语从句,要用which,其先行词为整个住句。10有关第二次世界大战的故事写得很好,这是其中的一篇。ThestoriesabouttheSecondWorldWarwerewellwritten,ofthatthiswasoneexample.正:------written,ofwhichthis------.析:that引导定语从句时,不能置于介词后。介词后要使用which,whom。如:Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomsheturnedforhelp.11.如上所述,高中生在校人数逐年增加。误:Itissaidabove,thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentsisincreasingeachyear.正:Asissaidabove,the---------.析:as引导非限制性定语从句,其位置可放在主句前或后,以代替整个主句。it开头的句子,后面用that从句。12.这房子以这么低的价格出售,在人们的预料之中。Thehousewassoldatsuchalowpricethatpeopleexpected.正:------priceaspeopleexpected.析:定语从句先行词若被such,thesame,as等修饰时,从句由as引导。1.I’veneverheardsuchawonderfulsongashe’ssinging.2.HewilltakethesametrainasIdidtoShenzhen.13.我永远不会忘记在乡下与他们一起度过的快乐时光。I’llneverforgetthehappyhourswhenIspenttogetherwiththeminthecountry.正:-----hoursthat/whichIspenttogetherwiththem----.析:使用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句的结构和意义,而不能仅看先行词。从句谓语spent为及物动词,需用关系代词that/which作它的宾语。如:IliveinBeijing,whichisthecapitalofChina.(从句中不能用where。)14.每天来这儿送奶的那姑娘是山区来的。Thegirlbringingmilkhereeverydayisfromthemountainousarea.正:Thegirlwhobringsmilk-------.析:定语从句谓语动词若表示经常性、习惯性或先于主句谓语动词的动作时,一般不宜用V-ing结构替换。如:Thespeakertodaywasanoldscientistwhohadjustreturnedfromabroadnotlongbefore.(从句不宜用V-ing结构替换)15.直到1953年他才重返家乡。误:Itwasnotuntil1954whenhereturnedtohishometown.正:Itwasnotuntil1954thathe----.析:强调句型itis(was)….that,用来强调句中的状语部分,并非定语从句。注意区分两者之间的差异。如:Itwas1948whenmyhometownwasliberated.(定语从句)Itwasin1948thatmyhometownwasliberated.(强调句型)16.那本书是我的,书皮是蓝色的。Thebook,thecoverofitisblue,ismine.正:Thebook,thecoverofwhichisblue,ismine.=Thebook,whosecoverisblue,ismine.析:在非限定性定语从句中,常出现含有“...of+which/whom”这种结构。这种结构的用法常让同学们感到困惑,现将其主要类型归纳如下:一、the+名词+ofwhich/whom这种结构可以与whose引导的非限定性定语从句互换。例如:Theboy,thefatherofwhomdied,isinourclass.Theboy,whosefatherdied,isinourclass.那个男孩在我们班,他父亲去世了。二、不定代词some/any/all等或基数词+ofwhich/whomIboughtmanybooksyesterday,someofwhicharenovels.我昨天买了许多书,其中一些是小说。Hehasthreesons,all(two)ofwhomarecollegestudents.他有三个儿子,他们都(中两个)是大学生。三、形容词的最高级+ofwhich/whom.Theteamismadeupoftendoctors,theyoungestofwhomisXiaoWang.这个队由十名医生组成,最年轻的是小王。Therearemanybuildingsinourschool,thenewestofwhichistheteachingbuilding.我们学校有许多楼房,最新的是教学楼。四.含有of的短语介词+which构成的非限定性定语从句Theywalkedintoabigroom,inthemiddleofwhichtherewasonlyabed.他们走进一个大房间,屋子中央只有一张床。Westudyinthisbuilding,atthebackofwhichthereisabiggarden.我们在这幢楼里学习,楼后有个大花园。看1993年上海高考题:Idon'tlike____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich析:way后面可用一个定语从句修饰,后面的引导词可用inwhich,也可用that(inwhich和that可省略)答案:A。例如:Theway(inwhich)theyweretreatedhurttheirfeelings.对待他们的方式伤害了他们的感情。Thegardenerwascalledtotelltheway(that)thepoordoghaddied.花匠被叫来讲述这只可怜的狗的死因。注意:有时theway不作先行词,而表达另外的意义时,后面不能用that或inwhich。例如:Ifixedthethingsthewayhewanted.(theway=as)我按照他要求的把东西摆好了。I'vebeenthinkingaboutthemforyears,thewayachildthinksofavacation.(theway=as)对于这些东西我像小孩盼望假期一样等了好多年。Nowonderthatgirllooksdownuponme,thewayyouencourageher.(theway=since)难怪那小姑娘看不起我,原来你在怂勇她。way的后置定语比较灵活,现将它的用法归纳如下:一、way的后置定语既可用不定式短语,又可用of+V-ing短语。例如:Hehadastrangewayofmaking(tomake)hisclasslivelyandinteresting.他有奇妙的方法,能使他的课上得生动有趣。Hestudiedwaysofkeeping(tokeep)seeds.他研究过留种的方法。能够用这两种后置定语的名词还有:chance/opportunity(机会),right(权利),freedom(自由),need(需要),necessity(必要)等。例如:Hehastherighttodo(ofdoing)that.他有权那样做。Idon'tgetmanychancestotalk(oftalking)tohimthesedays.这些天我与他谈话的机会不多。二、way后面可用一个定语从句修饰,后面的引导词可用inwhich,也可用that(inwhich和that可省略)。如:Idon’tliketheway_____youlaugh
本文标题:定语从句错误分析(复)
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