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Unit11Linking如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。连读的条件:相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关,同属一个意群。1.“辅音+元音”give~uptake~outturn~offTake~it~easy.Bears~arefuzzy.Cats~eatfishbones.Joebought~abook.I’m~an~Englishboy.It~is~an~oldbook.Letmehave~alook~at~it.MsBlackworkedin~an~officeyesterday.Icalled~youhalf~an~hour~ago.Put~it~on,please.Not~at~all.Pleasepick~it~up.I’dlike~anotherbowl~ofrice.以辅音结尾的单词+h开头的单词h不发音,与前面的辅音连读Tell~herImiss~her.Whatwil(lhe)[wili]do?Ha(she)[zi]done~itbefore?Mus(the)[ti]go?Canhe[ni]doit?Shouldhe[di]….?Tellhimtoaskher….Lea(vehim)[vim].“r/re+元音”,如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这时的r或re不但要发/r/,而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。forevermoreoverRememberitafterallamatteroffactapairofshoesansweritapairofsocksafterallonyourownfatherandsonCheerup!asfarasIdoitfor~him.They’remyfather~andmother.Ilookedfor~ithere~andthere.There~isafootballunder~it.There~aresomebooksonthedesk.Here~isaletterforyou.Here~arefour~eggs.Butwhere~ismycup?Where~areyourbrother~andsister?Thebeer~isgood!Theauthor~ismybrother.Pleasewaitformefor~amoment.但是,如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头,也不能连读。Theblackcloudsarecomingnearerandnearer.(nearer与and不可连读)2.“辅音+半元音”i.英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以半元音,特别是/j/开头,此时也要连读。Thank~you.ii.音的同化也是一种连读的现象,两个词之间非常平滑的过渡,导致一个音受临音影响而变化。[t][d][s][z]+[j]要发生音变:辅音[t]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[t∫]:[t]+[j]→[tſ]Nicetomeet~you.Can’t~youdoit?I’lllet~youknow.Isthat~yourcar?No,not~yet.辅音[d]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[dЗ]:[d]+[j]→[dЗ]Did~yougettherelate~again?Would~youlike~acup~oftea?Could~youhelpme,please?辅音[s]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[∫]:[s]+[j]→[ſ]Godbless~you.Can~youdress~yourself?Imiss~you.辅音[z]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[З]:[z]+[j]→[З]Howwas~yourvacation?Hesays~you’regood.3.“元音+元音”如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。Do~I?You’re[juə]so~honest.I~amChinese.He~isveryfriendlytome.Shewantstostudy~English.How~andwhydidyoucomehere?Shecan’tcarry~it.It’lltakeyouthree~hourstowalkthere.Thequestionistoo~easyforhimtoanswer.4.辅音+辅音爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/和摩擦音/f/,/v/,/W/,其中任意2个相临时,前一个音会轻音化,即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即发后面的音。如果这些音在词尾,也要轻音化。Si(t)downcontac(t)lensDa(d)told)mehu(ge)changegoo(d)nightThegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.Thebi(g)busfromthefa(c)toryisfullofpeople.Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorning?Thisisanol(d)pi(c)tureofabi(g)car.Theol(d)do(c)torhasaca(t),too.We’regoingtoworkonafarmnex(t)Tuesday.Whatwouldyoulike,ho(t)teaorbla(ck)coffee?It’saverycol(d)day,butit’sagoo(d)day.Youcanputi(t)downinthebi(g)garden.Iboughtachea(p)book,butit’sagoo(d)book.Iwen(t)therealonea(t)ninelas(t)night.-Doyouknowhisbi(ke)number?-Sorry,Idon’(t)know.Theforty-firs(t)lessonisqui(te)difficult.Heneedsaloto(f)money.如果前词尾辅音与后词尾辅音相同,前辅音省略。Iwas×sohappy.Ihavegot×togo.→Ihavegottago.(to轻音化为ta)Do~youwant×todance?→doyouwannadance?(to轻音化为na)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现,也不可连读。Is~ita~hatoracat?(hat与or之间不可以连读)There~is~agoodbookinmydesk.(book与in之间不可以连读)Canyouspeak~EnglishorFrench?(English与or之间不可以连读)Shallwemeetat~eightortentomorrowmorning?(meet与at,eight与or之间不可以连读)Sheopenedthedoorandwalked~in.(door与and之间不可以连读)不可连读的情况:I、浊化i.[S]后面的清辅音要浊化discussion:[k]浊化成[g]stand:[t]浊化成[d]ii.美音中:[t]在单词的中间被浊化成[d]如:writer,听起来和rider的发音几乎没有区别letter—ladderoutof补充:PhoneticsII.弱读弱读的规则一般是:元音音节弱化成[ə]或比如说如下几个单词:at,of,the,to,as,than,and,or,his,a,an,but,been,for,her,we,be,shall,was,them,弱读的频率达到90%,其中a,an,the,than极少用强式。查字典会发现这些词都至少有两种读音,如for:重读时[fכ:],弱读时[fə]Ihavebeenwaitingforyouforalongtime.Heisintheroom.Hehasdoneitwell.Ihaveseenit.III.意群一个句子可以按照意义和语法结构分成几个部分,每一个部分可称为一个意群。意群通常是一个词组或短语,当然也可以是一个词或是一个句子。停顿的单位就是意群和气群,所以停顿只能落在意群结束处,不能落在一个意群的中间(各种语流音变现象,例如同化、省音、连读以及不完全爆破等,一般只发生在意群内部)。意群的划分正确划分意群是准确表达的关键。意群是根据语义、语法和语调这三个因素来划分的。从语义、语法上讲,意群必须是能够表达某种意思的一个词、一个短语、一个从句、一个分句或一个独立的句子;从语调上讲,意群必须是可以用降调、升调和平调来朗读的一个语调单位。意群与意群通常用符号“︱”分割。1依据语义来划分意群I’mbusy.(一个句子即一个意群)Shetoldme︱shehaschangedherjob.(两个意群)Yesterday︱hewenttoNewYork︱byair.(三个意群)Before1992,︱IusedtoliveinAustralia︱andworkedasadoctor.(三个意群)2划分意群的主要依据是句中词与词的语法关系偏正词组:anapple,prettygirl,railwaystation,studyhard短语:infrontofthebuilding,toseeadoctor,sleepingcarlongago各种简短的主谓句:Helookspale.We’vegivenup.Hegavemeanovel.Iheardyousinging.各种简短的从句:Howtheprisonerescaped︱isacompletelymystery.(主语从句)Thefactis︱thatnobodytakeitseriously.(表语从句)Heaskedme︱wherehecanfindher.(宾语从句)Thisistheroom︱whereJordonhadeverlived.(定语从句)It’snoteasy︱asyouthink.(状语从句)如果句子很长,上述各种结构还可以按一定的规则划分成若干意群。Whatcanbedone︱inordertomakesure︱thatnooneintheworldgoeshungry?UnlessIvisiteverybookstoreintown,︱Ishallnotknow︱whetherIcanget︱whatIwant.Wehavetwoears︱andonlyonetongue︱inorderthatwemayhearmore︱andspeakless.Thereisagreatdealdifference︱betweentheeagerman︱whowantstoreadabook,︱andthetiredman︱whowantsabooktoread.此外,意群的划分还同语速有关。同一个句子,语速快时划分出来的意群可以少些;语速慢时划分出来的意群可以多些。Diligence︱isthemother︱ofgoodfortune,andidleness︱neverbroughtamantothegoal︱ofanyofhisbestwishes.Diligenceisthemotherofgoodfortune,︱andidlenessneverbroughtamantothegoal︱ofanyofhisbestwishes.
本文标题:unit-11-英语连读
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