中考复习――构词法

构词法构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Derivation）转化法（Conversion）1.合成：有两个或更多的词合成一个词。合成次的构成大致有以下几种情况。1.复合名词：reading-roomkeyboardseafooddoorbellblackboardgentlemanhandwritingbest-sellergreenhouse绅士阅览室书法键盘畅销书海鲜黑板温室门铃2.复合形容词long-hairfirst-classsnow-whitehand-madewarm-heartedlife-longdark-bluegood-lookingunderground长发的一流的雪白的手工的热心的终身的深蓝的好看的地下的3.复合动词：safe-guardhalf-understandovercome捍卫一知半解克服4.复合数词fifty-nineforty-fivethirty-sixninty-nine5.复合代词some/any/no+thing/one/body6.复合副词sometimesalongsidebeforehandnearby有时地并排地事先地附近地派生法（Derivation）---词缀法1.加前缀的构词法:Pre-（前）Pre-reading,Pre-liberationRe-(重新)Rewrite,reconsider,reusedis-(不)disagreeUn-(不)untie,unfair,unbelievableim-,un-,dis-,常表示否定discoverdisappear2.后缀：adj.-nessHappiness,illness,selfishnessV-mentEquipment,entertainment,amusement名词性的词缀：-er,-ist,-or,-ship,-hoodn-istScientist,socialist-shipLeadership,friendship-hoodChildhood,brotherhood,形容词词性的词缀：-able,-cal,-ish,-like,-ful,-ous,-alacceptable,physical,childish,girlish,manlike,mouthful,hopeful,delicious,dangerousnational,natural副词性的词缀：-ly，-wardsquickly,softly,yearly,backwards,forwards转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.bookn.书籍v.记载recordn.记录v.记录Thisbookisverygood.Heisbookingthehistory.Hebroketherecord.Heliestorecordsomethingwhilereadingabook.cleanadj.干净v.清扫Pleasekeeptidyandclean.Youhavetocleantheblackboardafterclass.