广东高考英语语法专项复习――构词法

英语构词法主要有派生法(即词根加前缀或后缀构成的新词)、合成法和转化法三种。从近几年的广东高考题来看，阅读理解中除了有汉语注明的个别生词，以及大约2.5%的派生词和合成词外，没有出现过考纲外的生词。因此，熟练掌握考纲词汇和掌握常见的构词法，阅读这一关就好突破了。语法填空中必有一道题是考查词类转换的。考查不同词性在句中的不同用法，其中主要涉及到以下三条：1.在句中修饰动词或形容词等作状语,用副词；2.在句中作定语、表语或补语,一般用形容词；3.作主语、及物动词或者介词的宾语,用名词。1.Hemustbe20(mental)disabled.解析：修饰分词形容词disabled，作状语，用副词形式，故填mentally。2.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled34(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.解析：修饰谓语动词smiled，作状语，用副词形式，故填warmly。近年广东高考真题：3.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather36____(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.解析:在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词,或者说,在形容词性物主代词后,一定是用名词形式,故填choice。4.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir39_____(nature)course.解析：在名词course前作定语,要用形容词,故填natural。5.Wedranktogetherandtalked38____(merry)tillfarintothenight.解析：修饰谓语动词talked,作状语,应用副词,故填merrily。在五年高考中，由形容词变副词考了3年，由名词变形容词考了1年，由动词变名词考了1年。下面我们对常见的构词法进行扼要的归纳：一、形容词加-ly变为副词的规律1.一般情况加-ly。如：real→really/careful→carefully/polite→politely/quick→quickly2.“辅音字母+y”结尾的，将y改为-ily。如：angry→angrily/busy→busily/heavy→heavily3.以-ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。如：probable→probably/possible→possibly4.个别单词，去掉e再加ly。如：gentle→gently/true→truly5.以-ic结尾的，加ally。如：basic→basically/energetic→energetically注意：有的名词+ly→形容词如：friend→friendly/day→daily1.Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime._____________(fortunate),Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.2.Therefore,whentheybecomeoldertheyare________(able)todoanyotherkindofwork.一、单句填空unableunfortunately3.Veryearlythenextmorning,amazingly,wegotcompletelysatisfiedinatotally___________(expect)way.4.Iwon’tdothepurchasebecausethepriceofthisdressis____________(reason).unreasonableunexpected5.Job_________(apply)needtoshowtheirabilitytobebothorganizedandflexibleintakingonmanytasksatthesametime.6.Allfactsarethesourceof_________(conclude).conclusionsapplicants7.However,most_________(science)agreethatEQhasalottodowith_______(educate).8.Excellentoralandwritten__________(communicate)skillsinChineseandEnglishareof___________(important).importancescientistseducationcommunication9.Freshfruitsandvegetablescanprovidemuchofourdaily_____(require).10.Itisyour________(free)todowhatyouwantafterclass.freedomrequirement11.Asisknowntousall,theEntranceExamisagreat____________,andthestudentsare____________.(compete)12.Iam__________(grate)toyouforyourhelp.13.Hegavemesome__________(construct)suggestions.gratefulcompetitioncompetitorsconstructive14.Ajury’sdecisioninacourtcasemustbeabsolutely________(object).15.Hedevotedmuchmoneytobuildingschoolsin____________(mountain)areas.16.Unfortunately,mycarbrokedownona_______(mud)road.muddyobjectivemountainous17.Everyoneshouldplayhispartinbuildinga____________(harmony)society.18.The___________(mystery)lettersentfromTaiwanmadetheprofessorlostinthought.19.Tomakemyself_________,Iwoulddosome_________exerciseafterwork.(relax)relaxingharmoniousmysteriousrelaxed20.Allthechildrenfelt__________whentheyheardthe___________news.(discourage)21.We_________(apology)forthelatedepartureofthisflight.apologizeddiscourageddiscouraging22.Thearticlecan_________(long)outalittlebyaddingsomeexamples.23.Hisillness_________(worse)duringthenight.24.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident;youdidit___________(intention).intentionallylengthenworsened25.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheirfreedom__________(brave).26.Ourproductsaresold__________,(world).27.Hewentoutoftheoffice_________(hurry)torunafterher.hurriedlybravelyworldwide28.Ilostmybalanceandfell_____(back).29.Theyliveinthe________(west)partofthevillage.30.It’sveryimportanttoeat________(health).healthilybackwardwestern二、语法填空AgroupofrobbersdugtheirwayintothebasementofabankinParisandemptiedalmost200privatesafes.TheyenteredtheCreditLyonnaisbranchusingbuilding31__________(equip)todigholesanddestroywalls32___Saturdaynight.31.名词作宾语。32.星期前用介词on。equipmentonTheytiedupa33________(secure)guardandspentthenextninehoursrobbingthebank.One34___________(investigate)describedtherobberyasa“35___________(profession)job”.33.名词作定语，securityguard“保安”。34.名词作主语,再根据谓语动词可知是指人。35.形容词作定语。securityinvestigatorprofessionalTherobberscameinatabout22:00onSaturdayandleftat7:00onSunday.Theyenteredthroughthebasementsoftheneighboringbuilding,diggingthroughaseriesoftunnelsandmakingaholeintoawallof80cmthicktogetintothebank,36________washavingbuildingworksatthetime.36.引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。whichWhentheyleft,therobberssettheplaceonfireto37________(move)anytraceofevidence,switchingontheanti-firesystemandfloodingthebuilding.38______(fortune),theguardescaped39______(harm).37.不定式作状语，根据句意应填remove(消除)。38.副词作状语修饰后面的句子。39.过去分词作补语,根据句意应填unharmed。removeFortunatelyunharmed40____isdifficulttoestimatethetotalvalueofwhatwasstolenasonlythebank’sclients(储户)knowthecontentoftheirprivatesafes.40.作形式主语。It