晶体结构控制晶体形态的理论及应用

343Vol.34No.320056JOURNALOFSYNTHETICCRYSTALSJune,20051,1,2(1.,300134;2.,250100):3,,,,:;;;:O77:A:10002985X(2005)0320546204TheoryandApplicationofCrystalStructureControllingItsMorphologyLIGuang2hui1,HANLi1,FANGQi2(1.InstituteofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,TianjinUniversityofCommerce,Tianjin300134,China;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofCrystalMaterials,ShandongUniversity,Jinan250100,China)(Received8September2004,accepted30November2004)Abstract:Threetheoriesabouttherelationshipbetweencrystalstructureandform,Bravaisrule,periodicbondchain(PBC),andthetheoryofgrowthbasic2structuralunitofnegativeioncoordinatingpolyhedron,werebalancedandanalyzedinthispaper.TheresultsindicatethatusingBravaisrule,combiningwiththeeffectoftheformofcrystalcellandthescrewaxisandtheslippagefaceinstructure,thecrystalbehaviourcanbemoreaccuratelyanalyzed.Onthesegroundsthecrystalbehaviourswereclassified.Keywords:crystalstructure;crystalbehaviour;crystalformanalysis;perovskite1,,,,,,,,2[1][2]:2004209208;:2004211230:(19682),,,,E2mail:[e-mail]2.1,,,,,;,,,,,1Table1TheclassificationofcrystalbehaviourCrystalbehaviourCrystalsSpacegroupAxislongCrystalformAxialtypeRockcrystalP3121orP3221ao=0.491nmco=0.541nmColumnalong[001]RutileP42/mnmao=0.458nmco=0.295nmColumnalong[001]EpidoteP21/mao=0.898nmbo=0.564nmco=1.022nmColumnalong[010]TourmalinR3mao=1.58421.603nmco=0.70920.722nmColumnalong[001]MnHg(SCN)4I4ao=1.1324nmco=0.4270nmColumnalong[001][3]FacialtypeMuscoviteC21/cao=0.519nmbo=0.904nmco=2.008nmBoardorlamellaalong{001}GypsumC2/cao=0.568nmbo=1.518nmco=0.629nmBoardalong{010}L2ArgininephosphatecrystalP21ao=1.083nmbo=0.791nmco=0.732nmBoardalong{100}DisodiumsulfosalicylatetrihydratePca21ao=2.3058nmbo=0.9330nmco=0.5473nmGrowthon{100}andalong[001]extendIsometrictypePyropeIa3dao=1.1459nmIsometricgrainFluoriteFm3mao=0.545nmIsometricgrainAlterabletypeAluniteR3mah=0.701nmch=1.738nmPseudoisometricgrainMonaziteP21/nao=0.678nmbo=0.699nmco=0.6445nmBoardalong{100}BaritePnmaao=0.8878nmbo=0.5450nmco=0.7152nmOrdinaryinboardalong{001},sometimesincolumn,fewinisometricgrainCalciteR3cah=0.499nmch=1.706nmMultiform,mostlyincolumnalong[0001],sometimesinboardalong{0001},orallkindsofrhombiorditrgonalscalenohedron1937,(Donnay)(Harker),,214263,1/2;31326264,1/3;4143,1/4;6165,1/6,[001]a(b)h(k){hk0},1/2;[001]nh+k{hk0},1/2;[001]dh+k4n(n=1,2,3){hk0},1/4,,,,,1,,,,,,7453:(),(),1(1):,(2):,,(3):,,,(4):,,2.2(PBC)(P.Hartman)1955(PBC),,PBC,F()S()K()PBC,PBC,FPBC,,,,,,(ZrSiO4),[SiO4]c[ZrO8],c2.31994,,,;,,;,,,,,,,,PBC,[4]3,,1Fig.1Thecrystalstructureandmorphologyofperovskite(CaTiO3),Ca2+,12;Ti4+,6;O22,1(a)[TiO6]84534,1(b),:[TiO6]{111},[TiO6]{110},[TiO6]{100};,{111},{110},{100},,[5]PBC,CaO,CaOTiO,{100}4PBC,PBC[010][001][011][011]4;{111}PBC,PBC[110][011][101];{110}PBC,PBC[001][110]PBC,{100},4,,,,,;,PBC;,,PBC,,PBC,[1]HartmanP.CrystalGrowthIntroduction[M].Amsterdam:North2HollandPublishingCo.,1973,367.[2],.[J].,1992,12:17222.[3]WangXinqiang,XuaDong,MengkaiL,etal.CrystalGrowth,SpectralandThermalPropertiesofNonlinearOpticalCrystal:MnHg(SCN)4[J].JournalofCrystalGrowth,2002,245:1262133.[4].[M].,:,1994:5382541.[5],,,.[M].:,1982:523.9453: