口译(教育)

EducationWeek5-6China'sEducationalSystemFourparts:(1)basiceducation(2)occupational/polytechniceducation(3)commonhighereducation(4)adulteducationChina'sEducationalSystemBasiceducation(1)pre-schooleducation(2)primary/elementaryschooling(6years)(3)juniorhighschooling(3years)(4)seniorhighschooling(3years)China'sEducationalSystemCommonhighereducation4parts:juniorcollegeprogram(2-3years)bachelor'sprogram(4years)(medicalandsomeengineeringandtechnicalprograms5years)master'sprogram(2-3years)doctoralprograms(3years)China'sEducationalSystemthegovernmentasthemajorinvestorandsocialpartnersasco-investors.localgovernmentsatorundermunicipallevels:compulsoryeducationcentralandprovincialgovernments:highereducationTheMinistryofEducation(MOE)isthesupremeorganofeducationadministrationinChina.TheeducationsysteminUK1).pre-primaryschooling(uptoage5)nurseryschools(托儿所)，daycare(托儿所的日托),orplaygroups2).primaryschooling(5-11,6years)3).secondaryschooling(11--around19,7years)A.comprehensiveschools①90%;②admitchildrenwithoutreferencetotheiracademicabilitiesandprovideageneraleducation,fromacademicsubjectslikeliteraturetomorepracticalsubjectslikecooking)B.grammarschoolsa).anexaminationcalled“the11-plus”b).layemphasisonadvancedacademicsubjectsc).stillcommoninNorthernIrelandafter5yearsofsecondaryschooling,ataboutage16,exceptScottishstudents,thestudentssittheirGCSEexams(GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation)中学毕业证书考试thentheycan:①quitschool;②orpreparetosituniversityentranceexams;studyforafurther2yearsandthensitA-levelsexams(GeneralCertificateofEducation-Advanced高级水平测试结业证书)③orconcentrateonvocationaltrainingGNVQs(GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications国家专业资格证书):thevocationalequivalentofA-levels4).highereducation①onlyoneprivatelyfundeduniversity:theUniversityofBuckingham②oldestuniversities:England—Oxford(12thC.)andCambridge(13thC.)Scotland:StAndrews,Glasgow,EdinburghandAberdeen(阿伯丁)from14thand15thcenturies③polytechnics(多科性理工学院)④OpenUniversityEducationSysteminAmericaEducationintheU.Sisviewedasanationalconcern,astateresponsibility,andalocalfunction.UndertheU.SConstitution,thefederalgovernmenthasnopowertomakelawsinthefieldofeducation;instead,eachstateisfullyresponsiblewithinitsownterritory.Stateslaydowngeneralprinciples,andlocalcommunityboardsofeducationprovideandmanageschools.TheEducationalLadderKindergartenElementaryschoolHighschoolCollegeAmericansviewtheirpublicschoolsystemasaneducationalladder:Pre-CollegeDayCareCenterNurserySchoolKinder-gartenEarlyChildhoodEducationPreschoolsPrimaryschool,ElementarySchoolstartschoolattheageoffiveyears.Thefirstyear---kindergarten.ItisrequiredofallAmericanchildrenenrolled.Thesecondyear---thefirstyearofprimaryschool---firstgrade.Primaryschoolmostcommonlyconsistsoffiveyearsofeducation---firstthroughfifthgrades.PrimaryschoolSecondaryschoolAllschoolsystemsintheUShave12yearsofelementary,middleschoolandseniorhighschool.+ElementaryschoolHighschool6yearsSeniorhighschoolJuniorhighschool4years2yearsJuniorhighschool:Adifficultperiodformanychildrenduetotheonsetofpuberty青春期publichighschools:financedbypublicfunds,freetoallstudents,evenforeigners.Privatehighschools:privatelyoperatedandfinanced,notcontrolledbyanygovernmentagency,buttheirstudentsmuststillmeettheminimumgraduationrequirementssetbythestate.Studentsmustpaytuition.Privatehighschoolsarepopularbecausetheyofferoptionsthatarenotavailableatpublichighschoolslikeadvancedmath&sciencecourses,abroaderselectionofforeignlanguages,&betterart,music&athleticprograms.SecondaryschoolUndergraduateschoolUndergraduateschoolGraduateschoolUndergraduateschoolTheseareschoolsthatoffereitheratwo-yeardegree(calledanassociate’sdegree)orafour-yeardegree(calledabachelor’sdegree)inaspecificcourseofstudy.Thatcourseofstudyiscalledthemajor.Whilemostschoolsthatofferafour-yeardegreewilladmitstudentswhohavenotyetchosenamajor,allstudentsarerequiredtoselectamajorbytheirsecondyearatschool.Studentswhocompleteanassociatedegreecancontinuetheireducationatafour-yearschoolandeventuallycompleteabachelor’sdegree.Theypursuetwotypesofdegrees:thefirstisamaster’sdegree.Thisisusuallyatwo-yeardegreethatishighlyspecializedinaspecificfield.Studentsaresometimesadmittedtoamaster’sdegreeprogramonlyiftheyhaveabachelor’sdegreeinacloselyrelatedfield.Thesecondisadoctoratedegree.Studentswhowanttoadvancetheireducationevenfurtherinaspecificfieldcanpursueadoctoratedegree,alsocalledaPHD.GraduateschoolTherearefourtypesofdegrees:Associate’s(completionofaprograminaspecificcareerfield),Bachelor’s(conferredaftercompletionofanundergraduateprogram),Master’s(firstgraduatedegree)Doctorate(secondgraduatedegreeandfinaldegree).AssociateDegrees:AUSassociatedegreeisa2-yeardegree.ThethreeclassesofUSassociatedegreesoffered:theassociateofartsdegree(A.A.degree)theassociateofappliedsciencedegree(A.A.S.degree)theassociateofsciencedegree(A.S.degree).BachelorDegree:Abachelorsdegreeisthemosttraditionaldegree.Itrequiresatleastfouryearsbutnotmorethanfiveyearsoffull-timecollege-levelcoursewo