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12019《钢筋焊接及验收规程》JGJ18-2012目次1总则·································································2术语和符号···························································3材料·································································4钢筋焊接·····························································4.1一般规定·························································4.2钢筋电阻点焊·····················································4.3钢筋闪光对焊·····················································4.4箍筋闪光对焊·····················································4.5钢筋电弧焊·······················································4.6钢筋电渣压力焊···················································4.7钢筋气压焊·······················································4.8预埋件钢筋埋弧压力焊·············································4.9预埋件钢筋埋弧螺柱焊·············································5质量检验与验收·······················································5.1一般规定·························································5.2钢筋焊接骨架和焊接网·············································5.3钢筋闪光对焊接头·················································5.4箍筋闪光对焊接头·················································5.5钢筋电弧焊接头···················································5.6钢筋电渣压力焊接头···············································5.7钢筋气压焊接头···················································5.8预埋件钢筋T形接头···············································26焊工考试····························································7焊接安全····························································附录A纵向受力钢筋焊接接头检验批质量验收记录···························附录B钢筋焊工考试合格证···············································本规程用词说明··························································引用标准名录····························································条文说明································································1总则1.0.1为了在钢筋焊接施工中采用合理的焊接工艺和统一质量验收标准,做到技术先进,节材节能,经济合理,安全适用,确保质量,制订本规程。1.0.2本规程适用于一般工业与民用建筑工程混凝土结构中的钢筋焊接施工及质量检验与验收;本规程适用的焊接方法包括钢筋电阻点焊、闪光对焊、箍筋闪光对焊、电弧焊、电渣压力焊、气压焊和预埋件T形接头钢筋埋弧压力焊、埋弧螺柱焊等焊接方法。1.0.3本规程适用于热轧光圆钢筋、普通热轧带肋钢筋、细晶粒热轧带肋钢筋、冷轧带肋钢筋、余热处理钢筋等的合适钢筋直径和焊接方法,在本规程规定范围内选择使用。1.0.4(强标)从事钢筋焊接施工的焊工必须持有钢筋焊工考试合格证,才能按照合格证规定的范围上岗操作。1.0.5在进行钢筋焊接施工及质量检验与验收时,除按本规程执行外,尚应符合国家现行强制性标准的规定。2术语和符号2.1术语2.1.1钢筋电阻点焊——将两钢筋安放成交叉叠接形式,压紧于两电极之间,利用电阻热熔化母材金属,加压形成焊点的一种压焊方法。2.1.2钢筋闪光对焊——将两钢筋以对接形式安放在对焊机上,利用电阻热使接触点金属熔化,产生强烈闪光和飞溅,迅速施加顶锻力完成的一种压焊方法。2.1.3箍筋闪光对焊——将待焊箍筋两端以对接形式安放在对焊机上,利用电阻热使接触点金属熔化,产生强烈闪光和飞溅,迅速施加顶锻力,焊接形成封闭环式箍筋的一种压焊方法。2.1.4钢筋电弧焊——钢筋电弧焊包括焊条电弧焊和二氧化碳气体保护电弧焊二种工艺方法。3钢筋焊条电弧焊是以焊条作为一极,钢筋为另一极,利用焊接电流通过产生的电弧热进行焊接的一种熔焊方法。2.1.5钢筋二氧化碳气体保护电弧焊——以焊丝作为一极,钢筋为另一极,并以CO2气体作为电弧介质,保护金属熔滴、焊接熔池和焊接区高温金属的一种钢筋电弧焊方法。二氧化碳气体保护焊简称CO2焊。2.1.6钢筋电渣压力焊——将两钢筋安放成竖向对接形式,利用焊接电流通过两钢筋端面间隙,在焊剂层下形成电弧过程和电渣过程,产生电弧热和电阻热,熔化钢筋,加压完成的一种压焊方法。2.1.7钢筋气压焊——采用氧乙炔火焰或氧液化石油气火焰,(或其他火焰)对两钢筋对接处加热,使其达到热塑性状态(固态)或熔化状态(熔态)后,加压完成的一种压焊方法。加热达到固态的,约1150~1250℃,称钢筋固态气压焊;加热达到熔态的,在1540℃以上,称钢筋熔态气压焊。2.1.8预埋件钢筋埋弧压力焊——将钢筋与钢板安放成T形接头形式,利用焊接电流通过,在焊剂层下产生电弧,形成熔池,加压完成的一种压焊方法。2.1.9预埋件钢筋埋弧螺柱焊——用电弧螺柱焊焊枪夹持钢筋,使钢筋垂直对准钢板,采用螺柱焊电源设备产生强电流、短时间的焊接电弧,在熔剂层保护下使钢筋焊接端面与钢板产生熔池后,适时将钢筋插入熔池,形成T形接头的焊接方法。2.1.10普通热轧钢筋——按热轧状态交货的钢筋,其金相组织主要是铁素体加珠光体,不得有影响使用性能的其他组织存在。2.1.11细晶粒热轧钢筋——在热轧过程中,通过控轧和控冷工艺形成的细晶粒钢筋,其金相组织主要是铁素体加珠光体,不得有影响使用性能的其他组织存在,晶粒度不粗于9级。2.1.12压入深度——在焊接骨架或焊接网的电阻点焊中,两钢筋相互压入的深度与较小钢筋直径比,以%表示。2.1.13待焊箍筋——用调直的钢筋,按箍筋的内净空尺寸和角度弯制成设计规定的形状,等待进行闪光对焊的箍筋。2.1.14对焊箍筋——待焊箍筋经闪光对焊形成的封闭环式箍筋。2.1.15焊缝余高——焊缝表面两焊趾连线上的那部分金属高度。2.1.16熔合区——焊接接头中,焊缝与热影响区相互过渡的区域。2.1.17热影响区——焊接或热切割过程中,钢筋母材因受热的影响(但未熔化),使金属组织和力学性能发生变化的区域。若进一步区分,热影响区又可分成晶粒长大的粗晶区,混晶区(不完全重结晶区)和细4晶区(重结晶区)等。2.1.18延性断裂——伴随明显塑性变形而形成延性断口(断裂面与拉应力垂直或倾斜,其上具有细小的凹凸,呈纤维状)的断裂。2.1.19脆性断裂——几乎不伴随塑性变形而形成脆性断口(断裂面通常与拉应力垂直,宏观上由具有光泽的亮面组成)的断裂。2.2符号53材料3.0.1适用于本规程的焊接钢筋,其力学性能和化学成分应分别符合下列现行国家标准的规定:《钢筋混凝土用钢第2部分:热轧带肋钢筋》GB1499.2;《钢筋混凝土用钢第1部分:热轧光圆钢筋》GB1499.1;《钢筋混凝土用余热处理钢筋》GB13014;6《冷轧带肋钢筋》GB13788。3.0.2预埋件接头、熔槽帮条焊接头和坡口焊接头中的钢板和型钢,一般可采用低碳钢和低合金钢,其力学性能和化学成分应符合现行国家标准《碳素结构钢》GB/T700或《低合金高强度结构钢》GB/T1591中的规定。3.0.3钢筋电弧焊所采用的焊条和焊丝,其型号应根据设计确定;若设计无规定时,可按表3.0.3选用。表3.0.3钢筋电弧焊焊接材料匹配推荐表3.0.4采用的焊条应符合现行国家标准《碳钢焊条》GB/T5117或《低合金钢焊条》GB/T5118的规定。3.0.5采用的焊丝应符合现行国家标准《气体保护电弧焊用碳钢、低合金钢焊丝》GB/T8110的规定。3.0.6氧气的质量应符合现行国家标准《工业用氧》GB/T3863的规定,其纯度应大于或等于99.5%。7乙炔的质量应符合现行国家标准《溶解乙炔》GB6819的规定,其纯度应大于或等于98.0%。液化石油气应符合现行国家标准《液化石油气》GB11174或《油气田液化石油气》GB9052.1的各项规定。二氧化碳应符合国家现行标准《焊接用二氧化碳》HG/T2537中优等品的规定。3.0.7在电渣压力焊、预埋件钢筋埋弧压力焊和预埋件钢筋埋弧螺柱焊中,可采用HJ431焊剂。3.0.8(强标)凡施焊的各种钢筋、钢板均应有质量证明书;焊条、焊丝、氧气、乙炔、液化石油气、二氧化碳、焊剂应有产品合格证。3.0.9钢筋进厂(场)时,应按现行国家标准中的规定,抽取试件作力学性能检验,其质量必须符合有关标准规定。3.0.10各种焊接材料应分类存放、妥善管理;应采取防止锈蚀、受潮变质的措施。4钢筋焊接4.1一般规定4.1.1钢筋焊接时,各种焊接方法的适用范围见表4.1.1的规定。表4.1.1钢筋焊接方法的适用范围89注:1.电阻点焊时,适用范围的钢筋直径指两根不同直径钢筋交叉叠接中较小钢筋的直径;2.电弧焊含焊条电弧焊和CO2气体保护电弧焊;3.在生产中,对于有较高要求的抗震结构用钢筋,在牌号后加E(例如:HRB400E,HRBF400E)可参照同级别钢筋施焊。4.生产中,如果有HPB235钢筋需要进行焊接时,可参考采用HPB300钢筋的焊接工艺参数。104.1.2细晶粒热轧钢筋HRBF335、HRBF400、HRBF500施焊时,可采用与HRB335、HRB400、HRB500钢筋相同的或者近似的,并经试验确认的焊接工艺参数。4.1.3电渣压力焊适用于柱、墙、构筑物等现浇混凝土结构中竖向受力钢筋的连接;不得在竖向焊接后横置于梁、板等构件中作水平钢筋使用。4.1.4(强标)在工程开工正式焊接之前,参与该项施焊的焊工应进行现场条件下的焊接工艺试验,并经试验合格后,方可正式生产。试验结果应符合质量检验与验收时的要求。4.1.5钢筋焊接施工之前,应清除钢筋、钢板焊接部位以及钢筋与电极接触处表面上的锈斑、油污、杂物等;钢筋端部当有弯折、扭曲时,应予以矫直或切除。4.1.6带肋钢筋进行闪光对焊、电弧焊、电渣压力焊和气压焊时,宜将纵肋对纵肋安放和焊接。4.1.7焊剂应存放在干燥的库房内,若
本文标题:2019《钢筋焊接及验收规程》JGJ18-2012
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