选修6第一单元语法

GrammarSubjunctiveMood(I)虚拟语气英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。一、陈述语气(TheIndicativeMood):用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。Thesunislargerthantheearth.DoesTomusuallygetupveryearly?Whatacleverboy!二、祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。Waitoutsideuntilyouareasked.Let‘sjusttakeabreak,shallwe？其否定形式是在动词原形前面直接加”donot”Don’tjumpinthequeue.TheSubjectiveMood虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。虚拟语气中，动词在人称方面的变化比较固定：即，当动词是“be”单独使用时，统一用“were”而不用“was”,如IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkhard.LookatthesentencesandtellwhenweusetheSubjunctiveMood.1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothere.2.IwishIwereabirdflyinginthesky.3.Isuggestedhegothere.4.Godblessyou.假设愿望建议愿望连接词从句谓语形式主句谓语形式if1.动词过去式(或were)should/would/could/might+动词原形(虚拟条件句)一、与现在事实相反IfI________you,Ishouldstayathome.IfI______thetime,IwouldmakeatriptoItalytoseetheLeaningtower.werehad虚拟语气在条件句中的应用二、与过去事实相反连接词从句谓语形式主句谓语形式ifhad+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词Ifyou__________yesterday,youwouldhavemethim.(come)Ifthehurricane_______________duringthedaytime，therewouldhavebeenmanydeaths.(happen)hadcomehadhappenedIfI__________(be)busylastnight,I_____________(go)toseethefilmwithyou.hadnotbeenwouldhavegoneIfhe(drive)morecarefully,he(have)thecaraccidentyesterday.wouldnothavehadhaddrivenIfI___________(know)yourtelephonenumber,I_________________________(telephone)youyesterday..hadknownwouldhavetelephoned三、与将来事实相反Ifyoucametomorrow,we___________themeeting.(have)Ifit_____________________tomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.(rain)连接词从句谓语形式主句谓语形式if1.should+动词原形2.动词过去(did/were)3.wereto+动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形wouldhavewereto/shouldrain1.如果你早来5分钟，你就赶上这趟车了。Ifyou_______herefiveminutesearlier，you_______________thebus.2.如果我现在不忙，我就来帮你了。IfI____notbusy,I_________younow.3.如果明天下雪了，我们怎么办？What_____wedoifit__________tomorrow?hadcomewerewouldhelpshouldweretosnowwouldhavecaught四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法①从句省略if,用倒装句式were,had,should+主语”WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.跟踪联系：1_______(be)Iyou,Iwouldworkhard.2_______itraintomorrow,Iwouldgoonatrip.3________itbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamination.WereShouldHadnot•②用介词短语代替条件状语从句。即用without,butfor(要不是),givenmoretime,onconditionthat(假如)，or(else),otherwise代替if从句•Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.•I______________________butforyourhelp.如果没有你的帮助我就不会成功。含蓄条件句wouldnothavesucceeded③有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，因此又叫“错综时间/混合虚拟条件句子”•Ifshehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvicelastmonth,shewouldbequiteallrightnow.•Ifyouhadtoldmethenewsyesterday,Iwouldnotbeworriednow.错综时间条件句IfI_____________(ask)herforadvicelastweek,I______________(know)whattodonow.hadaskedshouldknow虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用Wish的宾语从IwishI______abird.Iwishhe____________that.(do)IwishI___________richinthefuture.werehadn‘tdonewouldbe与现在事实相反过去时（did/were）与过去事实相反had+过去分词与将来事实相反would/could/might+动词原形1.Wish引导的宾语从句Hetalksasifhe_______(know)whereshewas.HetalkedaboutRomeasifhe__________(be)therebefore.Heopenedhismouthasifhe__________(say)something.与主句谓语动词动作同时发生过去时（did/were）先于主句谓语动词动作发生had+过去分词后于主句谓语动词动作发生would/could/might+动词原形knewhadbeenwouldsayasif引导的从句的用法2.在wouldrather结构中表现在和将来的愿望过去时（did/were）表过去的愿望had+过去分词★Iwouldratheryou_____menow.(pay)★Iwouldratheryou_____tomorrow.(come)★IwouldratherI_________yesterday.(not,come)paidcamehadn’tcome3.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气一个坚持______________两个命令______________四个建议__________________________四个要求__________________________这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。从句中的动词使用should+动词原形,或者将should省略。Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.insistorder,commandadvise,suggest,propose,recommenddemand,require,request,desire注意:如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”,即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。Heinsistedthathewasright.Hisexpressionsuggestedthathewasangry.1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe___(be)seriouslyillandthat______(send)tohospitalatonce.obeywasbesent3.Hesuggestedthatwe____(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe___(be)ill.havewasMultiplechoices1.Ifhehadnotlosthismoney,he____thepianolastweek.A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.couldhaveboughtD.bought2.Idon’tthinkthatIshallfail.ButifI____,Iwouldtryagain.A.failB.wouldfailC.shouldfailD.hadfailed3.IwishI____abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldbe4.Themaninsistedthathe_____there.A.shouldsendB.wouldbesentC.sentD.besentCCCＤ5.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven.A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished6._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave7.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensavedC.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved8.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.haveCCAB9.I_____yousomemoney,butIhadn’tanyonmethen.A.wouldlendB.shouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent10.Afewminutesearlierandwe_____therain.A.havecaughtB.hadcaughtC.couldhavecaughtD.weretocatch11.---“HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?”---“No,butIwishI_____”A.haveB.willC.doD.had12.We_____theworkontimewithoutyourhelp.A.hadn’thadfinishedB.didn’thavefinishedC.co