大英帝国

BritishEmpireTheRiseandFallofBritishEmpireBritishEmpireTheBritishEmpireReferstothelocalcommunityanditsgovernancebytheBritishunderthedominion,colony,territory,trustterritoryandprotectthecountrytogetherconstitutetheempire,thehistoryoftheterritoryofthelargestcountryandlargestglobalcolonialempire.Empireintheearly19thcentury,reacheditspeakaboutthe4-500000000population,accountingforaquarteroftheworld'spopulationatthattime;territoryofabout33.67millionsquarekilometers,accountingforaquarteroftheworld'stotallandarea.EmpirefollowingtheSpanishempireinthe16thcentury,knownastheEmpire.WhatisTheBritishEmpire?BritishEmpireTheRiseofBritishEmpireThegrowthoftheoverseasempireExpansionoftheBritishIslesandFranceStuartdynasty曾经被大英帝国统治过的地区BritishEmpireExpansionoftheBritishIslesandFranceFromtheNormandylandingin1066,WilliamIconqueredEngland,EnglandhundredsofyearshasbeenactivelyinvolvedinEuropeanaffairsBythelate14thcentury,fromthedevelopmentoftheEuropeanwooltrade,foreigntradehasbecomeEngland'smostimportantnationalpolicy.WilliamtheConquerorstatueEngland's1282invasionofWales,1169attackonIreland,in1296theshort-termcontrolofEnglandontheScottishinterruptedin1314,therealunificationofthetworegionshavetowaituntil1603toachievethepeacefulsuccessiontothethrone.1204England'smonarchlosttheterritoryofNormandy,France,largetractsoflandthroughmarriageandinheritanceofEngland'srulersoruntilthefinallossin1453.Sincethenuntil1563England'smonarchhasonlynorthernFrancestrategicCalais,butsincethenevenCalaisPortalsolost.BritishEmpireThegrowthoftheoverseasempireOverseasBritishEmpire-herereferstoimmigrationorcolonizationoftheBritishmarineadventureaswellasinregionsoutsidetheBritishIslesandcontinentalEurope-therootscanbetracedbacktothe1485-1509reignofHenryVII.OnthebasisofthewooltradeestablishedbytheRichardIII,HenryVIIcreatedthemodernBritishmarinecommercesystem,anddevelopmentoftheBritishshipbuildingindustryandnavigationtechnology.ThissystemhascreatedconditionsfortheestablishmentofthefuturetradeinstitutionsliketheMassachusettsBayCompanyandtheBritishEastIndiaCompany'stradeenterprises,hasmade​​animportantcontributiontotheexpansionoftheBritishEmpireoverseas.BritishEmpireHenryVIIorderedtheconstructioninPortsmouth,England'sfirstdrythepier,tostrengthenthebuildingwasthesmallsizeoftheBritishNavy,heannouncedthatacolonyofNewfoundlandforEnglandinthesameyearonAugust5atSt.John'sHarbour;1587ofSirWalterRaleigh(SirWalterRaleigh)Roanoke(Roanoke,)announcedthatVirginiaEnglandcolonies.Butthetwocoloniesareveryshort-lived,duetoshortageoffood,badweather,aviolationoftheshipwreckandunfriendlyindigenouspeopleintheAmericancontinent,Englandsoonhadtogiveupthecoloniesofthetwopieces.ThegrowthoftheoverseasempireIn1588(thevictoryovertheSpanishArmadainTudorElizabethanperiod)theformalestablishmentofEngland'sstatusasamaritimepower.TemporaryfailureofseveralofthewarwithSpaininthe1590s.In1604,StuartJamesI,andSpainsignedtheTreatyofLondon.EnglandinVirginia,Jamestown(theJamestown)toestablishthefirstoverseascolonyin1607.300yearsafterEnglandoverseasaggressionandexpansioninitssphereofinfluenceandconsolidatethedevelopmentofthelocalcapitalistsystem.1707ParliamentinLondon,EnglandandScotlandmergedtoformtheGreatBritainParliament.BritishEmpireStuartdynastyBritishEmpireTheFallofBritishEmpireWhitecolonialTheinfluenceoftheworldThecolonizationBritishEmpireWhitecolonialWithCanada(1867),Australia(1901),NewZealand(1907),Newfoundland(1907)andSouthAfricanunion(1910)haveachievedadominionstatus,theBritishempirehadalreadybeguntothechangeoftheBritishcommonwealthfromempire.ThesenewnationalleaderstogetherwithBritishpoliticiansat1887onthecoloniestoholdregularmeetings(1907yearslatercalledempiremeeting).BritishEmpireThecolonizationAtthebeginningof20centuriesbycolonialregionpeople'snationalsocialisthighmood,havebeguntochallengethecolonialcountriesrulingstatus.Atthesametime,countriesandarebecomingmoreandmoreconcernedaboutnativeandthesurroundingcountriesaffairs,especiallyafterworldwartwothistrendmoreapparent.Indiaisthefirsttoseizethehistoricalopportunitycountry,aftermanycoloniesofAsiaandAfricaasalsoinsuccession.AlthoughtheUKinthebeginningwhentryingtoresistthemomentum,butendupdisastrousend,finallyhadtoacceptthenewsituation,andwillofitsoldBritishempireintotoday'scommonwealth.BritishEmpireThefirstworldwariiaftertheendoftheBritishempirecompletedthelastlarge-scaleoverseasexpansion.BytheinternationalunionofBritishapprovaloftheOttomanempirewerebelongtoPalestinianandIraqappointedrule,andtheGermancolonybeing,cascadeofAfricaandNewGuineaalsowereclassedasBritishterritory(southwestAfricanbySouthAfrica,NewGuineabyAustraliarule).TheinfluenceoftheworldwarTheBritishempireperiodofsomefamousfiguresBritishEmpire乔治五世和首相劳埃德·乔治维多利亚女王征服者威廉雕像威廉·威伯福斯罗伯特·克莱武罗德斯