01 古希腊神话――神的家族

Lecture2GreekMythologyII.AncientGreekCivilizationsII.ReadingsIII.CreationofHumanBeingsIV.TheogonyV.TwelvemajorGodsandgoddessesI.AncientGreekCivilizations1.MinoanCivilization(CretanCivilization;3000—1100B.C.)2.MyceneanCivilization(fall1300—1000B.C.)II.Readings汉语译本1。周作人译本《希腊神话》，北师大图书馆2。杨周翰译本《变形记》，人民文学出版社楚图南译本《希腊神话和传说》[德国]斯威布人民文学出版社1959年、2003年版定价：26元罗念生、王焕生译本《荷马史诗》人民文学出版社97年，00年版EnglishVersionTheIliad,TheOdysseytrans.byGeorgeChapmanbyAlexanderPopebySamuelButlerbyIanJohnstonTheogony,byHesiodMetamorphosesOvidTrans.A.D.MelvilleOUPTheAeneidVirgilTrans.byC.D.LewisOUPIII.CreationofHumanBeing1.Prometheus2.Athena3.Cura4.AutochthonousResources奥维德：《变形记》第一卷第1—449行Hesiod:TheogonyFivetransformations1.GoldenAge2.SilverAge3.BronzeAge4.AgeofHeroes5.AgeofIronTheGoldenAgeGoldenAgeEverlastingspring,streamsofmilkandnectarflowed,andhoneywasdistilledfromtheoak.Nolawwasnecessary.Nowarwasnecessary.Noonebelievesinit.TheGoldenAgeofmortalpeoplewaswonderful.Theyextendedfriendshiptoallmortalsandrespecttoallimmortals.Theylivedwithoutdiseaseorhardship.Whenitcametimeforthemtodie,theylaiddowntosleepandawokeasablessedspirit,roamingtheearthanddoinggooddeedsforalltherighteoussoulstheymeet.TheSilverAgeSilverAgeWorsethanitspredecessorDestroyedbyZeusTheBronzeandHeroicAgesTheAgeofBronzeMortalsweremadefromtheashspear.MenofwarcraftandviolenceExtinguishedthemselvesandHesioddoesnotsayiftheywereturnedintospirits.TheAgeofHeroesMadebyZeusAgeofBloodandGlorySonsanddaughtersoftheimmortalspopulatedtheearthalongsidethemeremortalsNoblerandmorerighteous:agod-likeraceofheroes,calleddemigodsThepawnsofHeroesandthetoysoftheimmortals.Zeusestablishedagodlydomainforthespiritsforthedeceasedheroesattheendoftheworld.ZeusalsoreleasedhisfatherCronosfromTartarostojointheheroesintheirparadise.IronAgeTheageofHesiod(800B.C.)andalsotheageweliveinnow.Wearedoomedtohardshipandfinally,pitilessdestruction.“menneverrestfromlaborandsorrowbyday,andfromperishingbynight.Modesty,truth,andfaithleavetheearth,andintheirplacecometricks,plots,traps,violence,andunbridledloveofprofit….IV.TheogonyChaosGaeaUranusThe1stand2ndGenerationChaosResource:Hesiod,Theogony,ll.116-123thevoidwhichcameintobeingbeforeanythingelse.notavoid,butaroughunorderedmassofthings.…somesaythatChaoswasbornfromMist,andthatMistwasthefirsttoexistFollowedbyGaea,andErostogetherwithErebusandNyx&TartarusGaeaResource:Hesiod,Theogony,ll.116-200,233-239,453-506,617-735,820-900MotherandwifeofUranusMotherofTitans,theCyclopes,andtheHecatoncheiresGaea(Gaia)•propheticpowersDaphnis[aMountainNymph(Oread)]ThemisPhoebePhoebusApolloUranus1.Nostarrysky2.Cruelagainsthischildren3.CastrationofUranusMychildren,gottenofasinfulfather,ifyouwillobeyme,weshouldpunishthevileoutrageofyourfather;forhefirstthoughtofdoingshamefulthings.[GaiatotheTITANS.Hesiod,Theogony165]Cronos/KronosandChronosChronos—Time,fatherofHorae,ofAetherandErosAeschylus,Sophocles,Pindar,CiceroSometimesidentifiedwithCronosCronos/KronosMother,Iwillundertaketodothisdeed,forIreverencenotourfatherofevilname,forhefirstthoughtofdoingshamefulthings.CronostoGaea.Hesiod,Theogony,l.1701.Cronoseagertorevolt2.CastrationofUranus3.Imprisonmentofhisbrothers4.thePunishmentofNeoptolemus5.CronosMeetsPhilyra6.theDivineVomit7.BanishedbyZeusRheaThe4thGenerationHestia-VestaDemeter-CeresHera-JunoHades-PlutoDispater,OrcusPoseidon-NeptuneZeus-JupiterOtherDeitiesAphrodite-VenusApolloAres-MarsArtemis-DianaAthena,MinervaDionysusBacchusHephaestus-VulcanHermes-MercuryQuestionsComparethenarrationsof5agesofhumanbeingandworkoutthedifferencesamongthem.ItwouldbebettertotelltheroleswhichmoralplayedineachAgeofhumanbeing.