英语四级复习资料定语从句

TheAttributiveClauseWhichoneisHarryPorter?Theboy_______________________isHarryPorter.whoiswearingglasses定语从句一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作定语)(Attributiveclause)HarryPorterisasmartboy.HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰boy,叫做定语从句HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,that,aswhere,when，why二、用法:Thesearethetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyear.先行词是人关系代词:whowhomwhosethatwhich先行词是物Thesearethestudentswho/thatwonthefirstplacelastyear.引导定语从句的关系代词Haveatry指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语1.who,whom,whose,that用法区别.①who，人，作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语②whom，人，作定语从句的宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语③that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.（可人可物）Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.可省略Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.④whose作定语从句的定语(whose既可以指人，也可以指物).Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语Ihaveabookwhosecoverisyellow.=Ihaveabookofwhichthecoverisyellow.⑤which的用法which，物，作定语从句的主语或宾语.Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.Thisisatruckwhich/thatismadeinChina.作主语作宾语可省略As的用法as:关系代词，主语、宾语或表语：a.such+名词+as…像…一样的，像…之类的Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.b.such（pron.）+as…像…一样的，像…之类的ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.c.thesame+名词+as…和…同样的HeisnotthesamemanasIknew.3.只能用that的情况①序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.③everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much,none,some等不定代词作先行词时Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.②先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much,theonly,few,thevery,thelast等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.4.主句已有who或which时Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.5.当先行词同时指人和物时I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.6.关系代词前有介词时(介词提前).指人只用whom,指物只用whichThisistheboywithwhomhetalked.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.7、先行词本身就是that时，只用whichWhat’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?19when,where,why关系副词先行词在从句中的成分when时间时间状语where地点地点状语whyreason原因状语（二）引导定语从句的关系副词•1.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.•2.IrememberthedaywhenIfirstmethim.•3.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouliedtome?关系副词When=on(in,during…)whichwhere=on(in,infrontof…)whichWhy=forwhich（三）关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代22when•when可用in/on/at/during+which代替1.Istillremembertheday.2.Ifirstmethimontheday.IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.whenwhich23where•where可用in/on/at/to+which代替1.Thenationalparkistheonlyplace.2.Somerareplantsgrowinthepark.Thenationalparkistheonlyplaceinwhichsomerareplantsgrow.wherewhich.24why•why可用for+which代替1.Thisisthereason.2.Iwaslateforschoolforthisreason.ThisisthereasonforwhichIwaslateforschool.whywhich.25关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语关系副词在定语从句中作状语限定性restrictive定语从句与非限定性nonrestrictive定语从句不可缺少的组成部分，不用逗号隔开对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略引导词：who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that,不能省略非限制性定语从句（1）Thehouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasalovelygarden.（2）Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数（1）HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.（2）Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。As引导非限制性定从•Heisaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.(as指代一个句子，意为“正如”、“就像”，which则没有此含义)•which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。•HehastoworkonSunday,whichhedoesn’tlike.•Taiwanis,asyouknow,isaninseparablepartofChina.as引导非限制性定语从句，只代表主句或主句的一部分所表达的意思(不能指代某个名词或代词)，Heopposedtheidea,ascouldbeexpected.Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.•Which可以指代某个名词或代词Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.As用的句式有:asissaidaboveasisknowntoallasisoftenthecaseasisreportedinthenewspaper