英语语法术语中英文对照

词性partofspeech1.名词noun1)专有名词propernoun2)普通名词commonnoun3)可数名词countablenoun4)不可数名词uncountablenoun5)抽象名词abstractnoun6)具体名词concretenoun7)物质名词materialnoun8)集体名词collectivenoun9)个体名词individualnoun2.动词verb1)及物动词transitiveverb2)不及物动词intransitiveverb3)限定动词finiteverbform4)非限定动词non-finiteverbform5)主动词mainverb6)系动词linkverb7)助动词auxiliaryverb8)情态动词modalverb9)规则动词regularverb10)不规则动词irregularverb11)短语动词phrasalverb12)限定动词finiteverb13)非限定动词infiniteverb14)使役动词causativeverb15)感官动词verbofsenses16)动态动词eventverb17)静态动词stageverb3.形容词adjective4.副词adverb1)方式副词adverbofmanner2)程度副词adverbofdegree3)时间副词adverboftime4)地点副词adverbofplace5)修饰性副词adjunct6)连接性副词conjunct7)疑问副词interrogativeadverb8)关系副词relativeadverb5.代词pronoun1)人称代词personalpronoun2)物主代词possessivepronoun3)名词性物主代词nominalpossessivepronoun4)形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossessivepronoun5)反身代词reflexivepronoun6)指示代词demonstrativepronoun7)疑问代词interrogativepronoun8)关系代词relativepronoun9)不定代词indefinitepronoun6.冠词article1)定冠词definitearticle2)不定冠词indefinitearticle7.数词numeral1)基数词cardinalnumeral2)序数词ordinalnumeral8.介词preposition9.连词conjunction10.感叹词exclamation一、数/格/性number/case/gender1.数number1)单数形式singularform2)复数形式pluralform3)规则形式regularform4)不规则形式irregularform2.格case1)普通格commoncase2)所有格possessivecase3)主格nominativecase4)宾格objectivecase3.性gender1)阴性feminine2)阳性masculine3)中性neuter4)通性common4.人称person1)第一人称firstperson2)第二人称secondperson3)第三人称thirdperson二、句子成分membersofsentences1.主语subject2.谓语predicate3.表语predicative4.宾语object1)双宾语dualobject2)直接宾语directobject3)间接宾语indirectobject4)复合宾语complexobject5)同源宾语cognateobject5.定语attribute6.状语adverbial7.同位语appositive8.补语complement1)主语补足语subjectcomplement2)宾语补足语objectcomplement三、句子sentence（基本句型basicsentencepattern）1.简单句simplesentence2.并列句compoundsentence3.复合句complexsentence4.并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence5.陈述句declarativesentence6.存在句existentialsentence7.疑问句interrogativesentence1)一般疑问句generalquestion2)特殊疑问句specialquestion3)选择疑问句alternativequestion4)反义疑问句disjunctivequestion5)附加疑问句tagquestion6)修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion7)感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestion8.肯定句positivesentence9.否定句negativesentence10.祈使句imperativesentence11.省略句ellipticalsentence12.感叹句exclamatorysentence四、语气/语态/语序mood/voice/order1.语气mood1)陈述语气indicativemood2)祈使语气imperativemood3)虚拟语气subjunctivemood2.语态voice1)主动语态activevoice2)被动语态passivevoice3.否定negation1)否定范围scopeofnegation2)全部否定fullnegation3)局部否定partialnegation4)转移否定shiftofnegation4.语序order1)自然语序naturalorder2)倒装语序inversioni.全部倒装fullinversionii.部分倒装partialinversion3)直接引语directspeech4)间接引语indirectspeech5)自由直接引语freedirectspeech6)自由间接引语freeindirectspeech5.一致agreement1)主谓一致subject-predicateagreement2)语法一致grammaticalagreement3)概念一致notionalagreement4)就近原则principleofproximity5)强调emphasis6)重复repetition6.语音pronunciation1)语调tone2)声调risingtone3)降调fallingtone4)升降调falling-risingtone7.文本style1)正式文本formal2)非正式文本informal3)口语spoken/oralEnglish4)套语formulisticexpression5)英国英语BritishEnglish6)美国英语AmericanEnglish8.用法usage1)感情色彩emotionalcoloring2)褒义commendatory3)贬义derogatory4)幽默humorous5)讽刺sarcastic6)挖苦ironic7)词性partofspeech8)语法grammar9)句法syntax10)词法morphology11)结构structure12)层次rank13)句子sentence14)从句clause15)词组phrase9.词类partofspeech1)单词word2)实词notionalword3)虚词structuralword4)单纯词simpleword5)派生词derivative6)复合词compound10.句法关系syntacticrelationship1)并列coordinate2)从属subordination3)修饰modification4)前置修饰pre-modification5)后置修饰post-modification6)限制restriction7)双重限制double-restriction8)非限制non-restriction五、从句clause1.从属句subordinateclause2.并列句coordinateclause3.名词性从句nominalclause1)主语从句subjectclause2)表语从句predicativeclause3)宾语从句objectclause4)同位语从句appositiveclause4.定语从句attributiveclause5.宾语从句objectclause6.主语从句subjectclause7.同位语从句appositiveclause8.状语从句adverbialclause1)时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime2)地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace3)方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner4)让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession5)原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause6)结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult7)目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose8)条件状语从句adverbialclauseofconditioni.真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealconditionii.非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealconditioniii.含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedconditioniv.错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition9)比较状语从句adverbialclauseofcomparison六、时态tense1.现在时presenttense1)一般现在时presentsimpletense2)现在进行时presentcontinuoustense3)现在完成时presentperfecttense4)现在完成进行时presentperfectcontinuoustense2.过去时pasttense1)一般过去时pastsimpletense2)过去进行时pastcontinuoustense3)过去完成时pastperfecttense4)过去完成进行时pastperfectcontinuoustense3.将来时futuretense1)一般将来时futuresimpletense2)将来进行时futurecontinuoustense3)将来完成时futureperfecttense4)将来完成进行时futureperfectcontinuoustense4.其他1)一般过去将来时pastfuturetense2)过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense3)过去将来完成时pastfutureperfecttense4)过去将来完成进行时pastfutureperfectcontinuoustense