能力演练4 巧用派生词-相反词,做好语法填空 完形填空 阅读理解阅读中的猜词技巧(2) 对比法

1能力演练4一、语法填空专题训练（四）巧用派生词，做好语法填空。◆技巧点拨英语中有许多单词可带否定前缀或否定后缀，将该词变成一个与原来单词意义完全相反的词。在做语法填空时，要仔细领会短文的意思，理清文章脉络，注意行文逻辑，特别注意上下文之间有无转折、对比、相反关系，如果有此种关系，文中又没有相应过渡词语，就要考虑利用构词法知识，即利用单词的否定前缀或否定后缀来解题。常用的否定前缀有：in+adj.—adj.correct—incorrect(不正确的)active—inactive(不积极的)im+adj.—adjpolite—impolite(不礼貌的)patient—impatient(不耐烦的)un+adj.—adjlucky—unlucky(不幸运的)happy—unhappy(不高兴的)il+adj.—adjlogical—illogical(不合逻辑的)legal—illegal(非法的)ir+adj.—adjregular—irregular(不规则的)responsible—irresponsible(不负责任的)dis+adj.—adjhonest—dishonest(不诚实的)satisfied—dissatisfied(不满意的)un+v.—vdress—undress(脱衣服)load—unload(卸货)dis+v.—vlike—dislike(不喜欢)cover—discover(发现)non+n.—adjprofit—nonprofit(非盈利的)stop—nonstop(不间断的)illtreat—illtreat(虐待)manner—illmannered(没礼貌的)常用的否定后缀有：n.+less—adjcare—careless(粗心的)home—homeless(无家可归的)n.+free—adj.care—carefree(无忧无虑的)paper—paperfree(无纸张的)◆活学活用（一）用所给单词的适当形式填空。Annwalkedoutofthechemicalfactory,annoyedather1(pleasant)interviewwithJack,thevicegeneralmanagerofthefactory.Annwastoldthefactoryhadbeenpouringwastewaterdirectlyintotheriver,makingthewater2(suit)todrink.Annthoughtitwasherdutyto3(close)the2matterandhaditreportedinthenewspaper.Shealsothoughtitwas4(responsible)〖JP3〗forthefactorytodoso.Jackthoughtitwas5(proper)and6(legal)forAnntoreportthewholethinginpublicwithouttellingtheminadvance.However,Annregardeditmostimportanttoensuretheresidentsnearthefactorytodrink7(pollution)water.ShetoldJackifhisfactorykeptonpollutingtheriver,hewassuretoanswerforwhathehaddoneoneday.（二）语法填空。Inthedayswhenanicecreamcostmuchless,Tom,1eightyearoldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop2satatatable.Awaitressputaglassofwaterinfrontofhim.“Howmuchisanicecream？”“Fiftycents,”repliedthewaitress.Thelittleboypulled3righthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberof4init.“Howmuchisadishofplainicecream?”heasked.Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewalittle5(patient).“Thirtycents,”shesaid6(polite)andloudly,whichsurprisedother〖JP3〗customers.Theboycountedthecoins7.”Iwillhaveaplainicecream,”hesaid.Thewaitresswalked8.Theboyfinishedtheicecream,paidthecashierandleft.Itwasnotlong9thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipethetableandsuddenlywassurprisedatwhatshesaw.There,10(place)neatlybesidetheemptydish,weretwonickelsandfivepennies—hertip!二、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Asachild,Iwasveryshy.Iwantedtobesuccessful,butlacked1.WhenIdiscoveredclimbing,IfoundsomethingIwasgoodat.Ibegantobe2bymyfriendsandthisgavemethedesiretoclimb3andhighermountains.IfoundthatnothingwasimpossibleifIcouldfindthe4totrytoachievemygoals.Bothpersonaldeterminationandteamworkare5whenyouclimb.Youneedtorelyonthe6ofyourteamandshareintheachievement.Butpersonalfocusanddeterminationtokeepgoingdespiteanydifficultyarealsoveryhelpfultoteamsuccess.Mygreatestachievementin7wasbeingthefirstevertoreachthetopofthe5,000footTrollWallinNorway,whichhasthehighestandmostvertical(垂直的)rockfaceinEurope.Astonedroppedfromthetopofthemountainwill8nothinguntilitlandsonthevalleyfloorone9below.Soitwasveryadventurous.Beforeourclimb,theexpertsinEuropehadsaiditwas10toclimbtheTrollWall.Butwiththreecompanions,Idecidedto11.Ittooktendaystomaketheclimbandwe12onledges(岩石架)nomorethanafootwidewhenweweretired.Thankfully,we13.Afterwards,Isaidtomyself,“IfIcandothat,Icandoanything.”Someyearslater,IclimbedupMountEverest-thehighestmountainintheworld.Adventuretomeisnotjust14aropealongthesideofamountain,butisonefieldwhereadventurouspeoplecanoften15themselves.Ifwelookateverydayasanadventure,wecantestourselvesandcontinuetogrowthroughoutourlife.Thatisthefinaladventure.31.A.moneyB.confidenceC.purposesD.chances2.A.deniedB.attackedC.recognizedD.tricked3.A.harderB.fartherC.smallerD.safer4.A.placeB.secretC.courageD.time5.A.suitableB.simpleC.equalD.important6.A.comfortB.supportC.interestD.doubt7.A.scienceB.medicineC.climbingD.engineering8.A.touchB.stopC.polluteD.hurt9.A.meterB.inchC.centimeterD.mile10.A.easyB.impossibleC.excitingD.useful11.A.tryB.learnC.returnD.escape12.A.ateB.livedC.restedD.stood13.A.workedB.decidedC.continuedD.succeeded14.A.bendingoverB.fallingoffC.hangingontoD.leaningagainst15.A.holdB.forgiveC.punishD.challenge三、阅读理解阅读中的猜词技巧（4）根据同等关系猜测词义◆方法点拨同等关系指一组词在句中作同一成分，且它们的词义属于同一义域，这些词常用and或or来连接。如：Atfiftyheisinhisprimeoflifeandalwaysfullofenergy.◆活学活用（一）利用上述猜词技巧，猜测下列各句划线部分的意思。1.Heisaseriouspersonwhoalwaysdoeseverythingconscientiously.2.Ifyoudon’tstopdoinglikethis,you’llimpairyourhealth.3.Hestrayedbecauseofthedarkness,anddidn，tknowwherehewas.4.IntheancientcityofRome,wevisitedeverymansion,battlesite,theatreandotherpublichalls.（二）阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务。(2008年广东卷)Parentsandkidstodaydressalike,listentothesamemusic,andarefriends.Isthisagoodthing？Sometimes,whenMr.Ballmerandhis16yearolddaughter,Elizabeth,listentorockmusictogetherandtalkaboutintereststheybothenjoy,suchaspopculture,heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager.“Iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom,‘Hey,thenewWeezeralbumisreallygreat.Howdoyoulikeit?’”saysBallmer.“Therewasjustacompletegapintaste.”Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergen