中考英语语法第16讲--情态动词课件

情态动词基本用法与句型常考情态动词情态动词与时态中考出题模式与常见题型一、情态动词是什么？行为动词系动词助动词情态动词能够独立做谓语不能独立做谓语掌握情态动词的定义：表示可能、怀疑、允诺、愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词是情态动词。二、情态动词的基本句型•陈述句–主+情态动词+v原•疑问句–情态动词+主+v原？•考点：注意may,must疑问句的否定回答•否定句--主+情态动词not+v原•考点：注意hadbetter,need两种词性,oughtto的否定三、常考的情态动词1.can能;可能---could2.may可以--might3.must必须;一定4.need需要---非标准情态动词5.should----shall6.would---will7.hadbetter8.usedto过去常常9.Wouldrather宁愿10.oughtto应当能力乐意可能Can是情态动词，不能独立做谓语beableto是系动词，能够独立做谓语所有表示“意愿类题目”，都适用Can/Couldyougivemesomewater?Must肯定是（无否定）－－ｃａｎ可能是•1.Hewill__finishitbyhimself.•can/may/beableto/不填（多）•2.canyougiveme__suggestion?•another/other/theother/others•3.She___runfast,butIcan’t.•may/must/need/can乐意可能肯定回答一般是：Yes,please./Certainly./Sure等，否定回答一般是：Pleasedon't./No，youcan't/mustn't.can多用于疑问句和否定句，表示怀疑或不相信等态度；而may则多用于陈述句（肯定），表示一种揣测。Hemayberight他可能对Hecan’tberight他不可能对必须肯定肯定回答：yes,…must否定回答：no,youneedn’t/no,youdon’thavetocan多用于疑问句和否定句，表示怀疑或不相信等态度；Must表示推测时，不能用否定句Don’thaveto不必---mustn’t一定不能—needn’t不必must表必须有否定；表肯定，不能用否定句Must的否定Ididn’thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了情态动词行为动词Youneedn’tanswerthequestionnow.Youdon’tneedotanswerthequestionnow.Hadbetter最好•易错点：•错误理解为had,或better•否定•解析：•你最好立刻就做•Youhadbetterdoitrightnow.•你最好不要碰它•Youhadbetternottouchit.UsedtoBeusedtodoingBeusedtodoHeusedtogoshoppingonweekends.他过去常常周末去买东西TheEnglishmanisn’tusedtodrivingontherightinChina.Pensareusedtowriteonpaper.Wouldratherdo….thando…宁愿做…而不愿做•解析:宁愿而不愿，中考共三种表达方式•1、prefertodo….ratherthando…宁愿做…而不愿做…(动词词组)•例:Iprefertoswimratherthanstayathome.我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里•2、wouldratherdo….thando…宁愿做…而不愿做…(动词词组)•例:Iwouldratherswimthanstayathome.我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里•3、prefer…to…•Ipreferdogstocats.相对于猫.我更喜欢狗.•Wouldrather是情态动词，否定为wouldrathernotdo…Can与could的相同与不同•Can1.能力–hesaid:“Icandothat.”2.乐意–canIhelpyou?3.可能—Itcann’tberainy•Could1.能力,是can的过去式—Hesaidthathecoulddothat.2.表乐意,could可独立一词.CouldIgowithyou?(will—would;shall–should于此相似)•Will1.只用于将来时,hewillcometomorrow2.shall,will用来征求对方意见，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二人称，用来表示意愿；shall用于第二、第三人称，will用于第一人称。•Would1.过去将来时，是will的过去式.Hesaidthathewouldcometomorrow.2.表乐意Wouldyoulike…?3.虚拟语气•1.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe__themedicine3timesaday.多•Take/took/takes/shouldtake•解析•Suggest/advicethat主+should+v原。•考点:should省略；给时态迷惑•2.Shewouldleavethecityiftherain__.•Stops/wouldstop/stopped/stopping•解析:•1判断would---过去时，从句也用过去时•2主句过去将来，if从句用一般过去•3.Thepatientknewthathe__thewrongmdicine.•take/took/takes/shouldtake•1．must和haveto•【考例】--Mustwefinishgivingouttheposterstoday?•--Yes,we_______.Itcan'tbeputoffanylonger.[太原市]•A.canB.mayC.must•[答案]C。[解析]此题考查情态动词的用法。回答由must引起的一般疑问句，其肯定答语要用must，不能用can或may。故选C。•-Ididn'tpassthemathtest.IthinkIhavespenttoomuchtimeplayingcomputergamesrecently.•--Iagree.You__playlikethatanymore.[河南省]•A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.maynotD.wouldn't•[答案]B。[解析]此处选mustn't。表示“一定不能”“千万不能”，用较强的语气来提醒对方不能再玩游戏了。•Whentrafficlightsarered.We_________stopandwait.[南京市]•A.mayB.canC.mustD.might.•[答案]C。[解析]考查情态动词，must必须，表示禁止。•2．can和could•--CouldIborrowyourdictionary?•--Ofcourseyou____________.[陕西省]•A.canB.mustC.shouldD.will•[答案]A。[解析]上文的could并不表示过去，而只是一种委婉的说法，所以答语用can更礼貌些。•--Listen!IsTomsingingintheclassroom?•--No.It________beTom.HehasgonetoParis.[长沙市]•A.maynotB.needn'tC.can't•[答案]C。[解析]因为汤姆不在这里，所以不可能是他。•一Mary，__________youspeakChinese?•一Yes，onlyalittle．[北京市]•AmustBneedCmayD．can•[答案]D。[解析]考查情态动词，“玛丽，你会说英语吗?…“是的，会一点”。故选D。can表示能够•1Schools_________allowstudentsatleastonehouradayforsports.A.wouldB.mightC.shouldD.could•[答案]C。[解析]此处用情态动词should的用法。should表示“应当…‘应该”的含义比其他三个词更强些。•2.Bob，mayI__yourMP4?•一Sure．Butyou'dbetternot_________ittoothers．[A.lend；lendBlend；borrow•Cborrow；borrowD.borrow；lend•[答案]D。[解析]本题考查动词borrow和lend的区别.由语境可判断前者是借入，用borrow后者是借出，用lend。•3.--Whataboutplayingfootballthisafternoon,Sam?•--Iwouldrather__athomethan__football.It'stoohotoutside.•A.stay;playingB.stay;play•C.tostay;toplayD.tostay;playing•[答案]：A。[解析]本题考查了wouldrather的固定短语的应用。WouldratherdoAthandoB和做B比起来，宁愿做A。•4.Heusedto________inthesun,butnowheisusedtoatnight.•A.read,readB.reading,read•C.read,readingD.reading,reading•[答案]：C。[解析]考查固定结构的用法。Used后接动词不定时，beusedto后接动名词。故选C。•5.You________doitifyoureallydon'twantto.•A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.can'tD.couldn't•[答案]A。[解析]考查情态动词。本题应由句意人手破解。如果你不想做的话，你“没有必要”做它，所以正确答案为A项。•6.--MayIdotherestoftheworktomorrow?•--Yea,ofcourse.You___________finishittoday.•A.mustB.mustn'tC.needn't•[答案]C。[解析]思路分析：根据句意可知，needn’t不必•7.You________betiredafterworkingforeighthourswithoutarest.•A.canB.mayC.mustD.need•[答案]C。[解析]本题考查情态动词must，can，may8need的区别。情态动词must在此表示肯定的推测。•8.一Lookattheboyrunningontheground．IsitDavis?•——It____behim．Isawhimgototheteacher'sofficejustnow．•A．mustBcan'tC．couldD．might•[答案]B。[解析]考查情态动词。表推测时否定句中用can't。表示“不可能”，因为他已经去了老师的办公室。1._________Iopenthewindow?It'shothere.A.MustB.ShallC.WillD.Would2.GoandaskMrLiu.He_________tellyou.A.mayB.canC.wouldD.could3._________youpleasetellmethetimeplease?A.ShallB.WillC.MayD.Might4.—_________Itryoutalltheideas?—No,you_________.A.Must,mustn'tB.Need,needC.Must,don'thavetoD.Must,don't5._________IspeaktoMrGreen，please?A.WillB.CouldC.MustD.WouldBABCB课时训练9.HesaidKate_____cometotheparty.ButIdon'tthinkso.A.couldB.mightC.