英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案)

动词概述表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。可以分为以下四类：类别例句使用特点实义/行为动词及物动词Love,make后跟宾语不及物动词Go,rise后不跟宾语连系动词Be,look后跟表语助动词Be,have,do,shall,will,did本身没有词义，后跟动词原形或分词，构成疑问句或否定句等情态动词Can,may,mist本身有词义，后跟动词原形，构成谓语一、实义动词■①及物动词与不及物动词根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词。Vt.vi.Theystudyhard.Iknowthemwell.注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如：Shesingsverywell.ShesanganEnglishsongjustnow.英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，____不变。试比较：ShallIbeginatonce?Shebeganworkingasalibrarianaftersheleftschool.WhendidtheyleaveChicago?Theyleftlastweek.短语：■②动态动词和静态动词动态动词表示动作，如give,take,work,run等；静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如know,exist,be,have,appear,prove,concern,hate,dislike,like,love,surprise,include,dependon,belongto,guess,suppose，imagine,believe,doubt,admire,envy等。■③延续性动词和非延续性动词根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain,live,work,learn等是延续性动词，go,come,leave,start,arrive,join,finish,end等是非延续性动词。注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如：[译]他离开这里三天了。[误]Hehaslefthereforthreedays.[正]Hehasbeenawayfromhereforthreedays.[正]Heleftherethreedaysago.[正]It’sthreedayssinceheleft.■④限定动词与非限定动词限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，也叫非谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。Theroomneedscleaning.二、连系动词系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词，接的是形容词。Be：Heisateacher.（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）Iamfine.2、keep,rest,remain,stay,例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。Thismatterrestsamystery.此事仍是一个谜。3、表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.4、feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsverysweet.5、become,grow,turn,fall（asleep）,get,go,come,run.Hebecamemadafterthat.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.6、终止系动词。表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表达证实，变成之意，Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.（turnout表终止性结果）7．使役动词：let,have,make使，让…Let/makesomebodydosthTheteacherlets/makesthemcleantheclassroomafterschool.Makesb/sthadj.Thestorymakesmehappy.Thecolormakesitlookbeautiful.Havesomebodydosth让某人做某事Havesthdone让某物被做Mymotherhavesmemakethebed.Ihavemyhaircut/washed.有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词。另外be还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同，词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如：Lookattheblackboard,please.请看黑板。(look用作实义动词)Helooksalittletired.他略显疲倦。(look用作连系动词)Theyareatwork.他们在工作。(are用作连系动词)Theyareworking.他们正在工作。(are用作助动词，帮助构成现在进行时)三、助动词协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉译，例如：Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)1、助动词be(is,am,are,was,were)，have(has,had,having)，do(did,does).*do(does,did)的用法（1）构成疑问句或否定句(How)didyouknow?Hedoesnotsmoke.（2）加强语气。Hedidtellthat.Docomeandseeus.（3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。-Youlikepopularmusic,don'tyou?-Yes,Ido.HespeaksFrenchasfluentlyasshedoes.（4）用于倒装句中。Neverdidhepayattentiontomywords.OnlythendidIunderstandtheimportanceofEnglish.（5）构成否定的祈使句。Don'tbesocareless.Donothesitatetocomeforhelp.四、情态动词Can,could,may,might,shill,should,will,would,need,dear,haveto,oughtto.1.MrWang____beinNanjingnow,hewenttoBeijingonlythismorning.A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t2.-MustIstayathome,Mum?--No,you______.A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.don’tD.maynot3.-Canyougoswimmingwithusthisafternoon?--Sorry,Ican’t.I____takecareofmylittlesisterathomebecausemymotherisill.A.canB.mayC.wouldD.haveto4.-MayIgotothecinema,Mum?--Certainly.Butyou_____bebackby11o’clock.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need5.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow6.-MayIgoouttoplaybasketball,Dad?--No,you______.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.mustn’tB.maynotC.couldn’tD.needn’t7.-WhereisJack,please?--He____beinthereadingroom.A.canB.needC.wouldD.mustA.musn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t8.-Mum,mayIwatchTVnow?--Sure,butyou_____helpmewithmyhouseworkfirst.A.canB.mayC.mustD.could9.TheboysaidhehadtospeakEnglishinclass,buthe_____speakitaftercalss.A.couldB.didn’thavetoC.mightD.shouldn’t10.John______gotherewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureaboutit.A.mustB.canC.willD.may11.Eventhetopstudentsinourclasscan’tworkoutthisproblem.Soit_____beverydifficult.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need12.It’sstillearly.You______.A.mustn’thurryB.wouldn’thurryC.maynothurryD.don’thavetohurry13.Acomputer______thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot14.-CouldIborrowyourdictionary?--Yes,ofcourseyou_______.A.mightB.willC.canD.should15.___Iknowyourname?A.MayB.WillC.ShallD.Must16.I_____liketoknowwhereyouwereborn.A.shallB.shouldC.doD.may17.______youbehappy!A.MightB.MustC.WishD.MayCADCBCACBDCDACACDCDACA