2010年高考英语语法辅导课件-省略及倒装

一.简单句的省略.1.在口语中--Howisyourmothertoday?--(Sheis)Muchbetter.(Isthere)Anythingwrong?省略2.在祈使句中,一般省略主语.(You)Openthedoor,please.(I)Thankyouverymuch.注:某些时候,当听话的对象要特别说明时,可将这个称呼写出来.Comehere,Jack.Youcomehere,Jack.4.特殊疑问句中的省略.1)----Idon'tknowifIshouldtakethedigitalcamerawithme.----Whynot?(=Whydon'tyoutakethedigitalcamera?)2)----Whocandoit?----Lucy,Ithink.(Lucycandoit,Ithink.)3)----Whichcountrydidyougotolastsummer?----Britain.(IwenttoBritainlastsummer5.感叹句中的省略.Whata(good)boy(heis)!How(hard)theyareworking!6.在名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺,住宅,教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物中Athermother’s(house)shepassedmanyhappydays.Imethimatthedoctors’(clinic).7.动词不定式的省略a.为避免重复,常省略上文已提到的动词原形,只保留不定式中的小品词to:这类动词有:expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish,wouldlike,like和love等.如:Sheaskedmetodancewithher,butIdidn’twantto(dancewithher).--Willyougowithme?--Well,I’dliketo(gowithyou).b.在haveto,need,oughtto,begoingto,usedto等后省略动词.如:Ireallydidn’twanttogotherewithhim,butIhadto(gotherewithhim).c.在某些形容词delighted,glad,happy,pleased等后省略to后面的动词.如:----Willyoujoininourdiscussion?—I’llbegladto(joininyourdiscussion).d.若不定式中带有be,have等,常保留be,have.--Areyouateacher?—No,butIusedtobe(ateacher).Johndidn’tcome,butheoughttohave(come).e.使役动词have,let,make和感官动词feel,see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento等后面的不定式做宾语补足语时,省略to,但被动语态中要加上.Hehadtwoboyswashhiscar.Shesawhimwalkintothehouse.Hewasseentowalkintothehouse.二、使用替代词的省略1.通常情况下，在省略了某个词、短语或句子时，还需要用某个替代词。常用的替代词有：do\does\did,so,not,neither,nor和thesame等.用助动词do\does\did来替代上文中出现的动词，以免重复。如：ShespeaksEnglishmorefluentlythanhereldersisterdoes.2.用so,not或其他手段来省略上文中的一部分或整个句子，作believe,beafraid,expect,do,fear,hope,suppose,say,think等的宾语。1)----CanEmilydothiswork?----Ithinkso.----Ithinknot./Idon'tthinkso.（这也是宾语从句中的省略）注:guess,hope,beafraid的否定式只有一种,即:Iguessnot.Ihopenot.Iamafraidnot.2)----Didyouknowanythingaboutit?----Notuntilyoutoldme.(你告诉了我,才知道.)3)Hehasgone.Nooneknowswhere(hehasgone).3.代词的替代省略三、并列句中的省略1.后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略。如：Shewaspoorbut(shewas)honest.Bobhasdonehishomework,butTomhasn’t(donehishomework).2.有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。如：Marycan（speakEnglish）and(Mary)oughttospeakEnglish.Bobworks(inLondon),andPeterlivesinLondon.四、复合句中的省略1.主语从句的省略主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语中。(It’sa)pityyoucouldn’tcome.2)在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。--ShallIgotoplay?--Ifyoulike.(youcangotoplay)2.宾语从句中的省略1）由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语或谓语,可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词。如：Pleasepassmeoneofthesebooks,Idon’tcarewhich(bookyoupassme).Hewillcomeback,butshedoesn’tknowwhen(hewillcomeback).ShewantstolearnEnglishwell,yetshedoesn’tknowhow(shecanlearnitwell).2)在I’mafraid,Ithink,Ibelieve,Ihope,Iguess,Iexpect,Isuppose,Iimagine等开头的作答句中,后面跟so与not分别用于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。a.—Doyoubelieveourteamwillwin?—Iguessso(yourteamwillwin).—Iguessnot(yourteamwillnotwin).b.—Doyouthinkitwillrain?—Ihopeso(itwillrain).—Ihopenot(thatitwillnotrain).注:Ihopeso的否定式只能用Ihopenot,不可用Idon’thopeso.c.―Willwebelate?―I'mafraidso/not3.状语从句中的省略：当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语动词含有be时，或状语从句为therebe结构时，可以省略状语从句的主语和谓语be，常见结构为:1).连词as/asif/once+名词Once(hewas)ateacher,henowworksinagovernment.2)连词though/whether/when+形容词Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryouwillregret.3).连词whether/asif/while+介词短语Helookseverywhereasif(hewas)lookingforsomething.4)连词when/while/though+现在分词While(Iwas)walkinginthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.5).连词when/if/evenif/unless/once/until/than/as+过去分词Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.6).连词asif/asthough+不定式Heopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak.当状语从句的主语为it,谓语动词含有be时，可以省略状语从句的主语和谓语be，常见结构为:连词if/unless/when/whenever+形容词Unless(itis)necessary,you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.7)if+so/not省略句式，so/not代替上文内容Getupearlytomorrowmorning,ifnot(youdon’tgetupearly),youwillmissthebus.练习：补充省略部分1)Whenintrouble,Ialwaysturntoherforhelp.2)Errors,ifany,shouldbecorrected.3）Heseldomgoestothecinema,ifever.Iamthereishehaseverbeen4)Woodgivesmuchsmokewhileburning.5)Theletteristobelefthereuntilcalledfor.6)Henrystoppedwalkingasiftowaitforher7)Youmusteatitwhenfresh.woodisitishewasitis2、比较状语从句的省略1)以as,than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。如：Hegotupearlyasusual(hedid).Afterhalfanhour,shebecamequieter(thanshehadbeen).Hestudiesashardasyou(study).2）在the+比较级...,the+比较级的句型中,当谓语是be动词时,而且主语非代词时,常省略动词be.Theolderyouare,thepooreryourmemory.（memorywillbe）ThemoreIcando,thebetter（betteritwillbe）3.以assoonas引导的状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时,可用on/upondoing形式简化状语从句,此时的动词为瞬间动词.Assoonashearrivedatthevillage,Dr.Bethunebegantooperateonthewoundedsoldiers.~On/Uponarrivingatthevillage,Dr.Bethunebegantooperateonthewoundedsoldiers.4.定语从句中的省略1)定语从句的关系代词that/which/who在从句中作主语且后面有be动词，我们可以省略关系代词及be动词.如：Thegirl(whois)standingunderthetreeisMary.Thebridge(whichwas)builtin1927brokedown.Thegirl(whois)infrontoftheclassroomisMary.2)在限制性定语从句起宾语作用的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;在thesame...as和such...as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;先行词是direction(方向),way(方式),distance(距离),time(时间),times(倍数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that,which,inwhich如:如：Heisoneoftheman(whom)Icantrust.Wewilldothesameworkasthey(do).Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourmother.Thedirection(inwhich)wemoveabody(物体)canbechanged.Thedistance(that/which)lighttravelsinonesecondis300000kilometers.5.虚拟语气中的省略IfThomasEd