机床电气控制第6讲第三章(1)

机床电气自动控制原理第五讲陈光胜教师邮箱:[e-mail]、学生邮箱:[e-mail]:shlgjxxy交流电机交流电动机同步发电机同步电动机异步发电机异步电动机交流发电机交流电机三相电机单相同步电机三相同步电机单相异步电机三相异步电机单相电机一、交流电机基础知识第5讲其它电路---多速异步电动机的控制线路分类1三相异步电动机的构造绕线型异步电动机鼠笼型异步电动机转子鼠笼式绕线式定子铁芯：由硅钢片叠成A----XB----YC----Z三相绕组机座：铸钢或铸铁三相异步电动机的转子部分结构：鼠笼型和绕线型2三相异步电动机的转动原理旋转磁场产生原理OωtiU120°Im0.5Im-ImiViWi-0.5Im240°U1U2V1V2W1W2iViWU1V1W1NSU1U2V1V2W1W2iViWU1V1W1iUNSU1U2V1V2W1W2iViWU1V1W1NSU1U2V1V2W1W2iUiViWU1V1W1NSU1U2V1V2W1W2iViWU1V1W1NSOωtiU120°Im0.5Im-ImiViWi-0.5Im240°U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1OωtiU120°Im0.5Im-ImiViWi-0.5Im240°NSiWiVU1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1OωtiU120°Im0.5Im-ImiViWi-0.5Im240°NSiWiVNSiWiViUU1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1OωtiU120°Im0.5Im-ImiViWi-0.5Im240°NSiWiVNSiWiViUNSiWiVU1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1OωtiU120°Im0.5Im-ImiViWi-0.5Im240°NSiWiVNSiWiViUNSiWiVNSiWiViUU1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1U1U2V1V2W1W2U1V1W1OωtiU120°Im0.5Im-ImiViWi-0.5Im240°NSiWiVNSiWiViUNSiWiVNSiWiViUNSiWiVU1U2V1V2W1W2OωtiU120°Im0.5Im-ImiViWi-0.5Im240°0°90°180°270°360°NSBiCiAiimIt00tAXYCBZNSBiAXBYCZAiCi当三相定子绕组按图示排列时，产生一对磁极的旋转磁场，即：1p旋转磁场的极数、极对数p极对数2pC'Y'ABCXYZA'X'B'Z'AiCiBiAXXNSZCZCBYBYNSABiCiAiimIt0旋转磁场的磁极对数与三相绕组的排列有关旋转磁场的极数、极对数p分）转电磁机械/(6026022602600pfpfpn极对数为p的电动机，旋转磁场绕空间一周需要经历p周的磁场变化，则：转速和旋转磁场同步转速的关系为：0nn0nn0nn异步电动机状态同步空载状态异步发电机状态旋转磁场的转速p电磁机械三相异步电动机的转速公式160(1-)fnsp改变电源频率f1；改变转差率s；改变磁极对数p。三相异步电机调速方式U1U2V2W1W2W2L1L2L3U2V2W2U1V1W1V2V1U2L1L2L3U1V1W1U2V2W2U1V1W11.双速异步电动机定子绕组的连接二、双速异步电动机的控制线路L1L2L3KM1QSFU1M3～3KHKM2KM3U1V1W1U2V2W2U1U2V1W2W1V2低速高速YY2.按钮和接触器控制双速电动机3KHSB1KM2SB2KM1FU2KM1SB3KM3KM2KM3KM2KM1KM3U1、V1、W1主电路启示:控制电路:1、热保护2、KM1与KM1、KM2互锁3、手动转换双速及互锁L1L2L3SB1KM1SB2KM1FU13KM1KM2KM3SB3KM3KM2KM3KM2U1V1W1U2V2W23合上QS按下SB1KM1线圈得电KM2QSFU2M3～KM1KM3U1U2V1W2W1V2低速高速YYKHKH2.按钮和接触器控制双速电动机L1L2L3SB1KM1SB2KM1FU13KM1KM2KM3SB3KM3KM2KM3KM2U1V1W1U2V2W23KM1触头动作电动机联接,低速启动KM2QSFU2M3～KM1KM3U1U2V1W2W1V2低速高速YYKHKH2.按钮和接触器控制双速电动机L1L2L3SB1KM1SB2KM1FU13KM1KM2KM3SB3KM3KM2KM3KM2U1V1W1U2V2W23按下SB2KM1线圈失电KM2,KM3线圈得电联接,低速启动KM2QSFU2M3～KM1KM3U1U2V1W2W1V2低速高速YYKHKH2.按钮和接触器控制双速电动机L1L2L3SB1KM1SB2KM1FU13KM1KM2KM3SB3KM3KM2KM3KM2U1V1W1U2V2W23KM2,KM3触头动作电动机YY联接,电动机高速运行KM2QSFU2M3～KM1KM3U1U2V1W2W1V2低速高速YYKHKH2.按钮和接触器控制双速电动机低速L1L2L3SB1KM1SB2KM1FU13KM1KM2KM3SB3KM3KM2KM3KM2U1V1W1U2V2W23松开SB2电动机继续高速运行KM2QSFU2M3～KM1KM3U1U2V1W2W1V2高速YYKHKH2.按钮和接触器控制双速电动机L1L2L3KM1QSFU1FU23KM2KM3U1V1W1U2V2W2U1U2V1W2W1V23电路组成分析KHSB1KM2SB2KM1KM1SB3KM3KM2KM1KM3低速高速YYKTKM1KTKTKTKHM3～如何工作?3.时间继电器控制双速电动机L1L2L3SB1KM1KM2SB2KM1QSFU1FU23KM1KM2KM3SB3KM3KM2KM1KM3U1V1W1U2V2W2U1U2V1W2W1V23KTKM1合上QS按下SB1KM1线圈得电KTKTKT低速起动低速运行低速高速YYKHKHM3～3.时间继电器控制双速电动机L1L2L3SB1KM1KM2SB2KM1QSFU1FU23KM1KM2KM3SB3KM3KM2KM1KM3U1V1W1U2V2W2U1U2V1W2W1V23KTKM1KM1触头动作电动机三角形联接低速起动松开SB1继续低速运行KTKTKT低速起动低速运行低速高速YYKHKHM3～3.时间继电器控制双速电动机L1L2L3SB1KM1KM2SB2KM1QSFU1FU23KM1KM2KM3SB3KM3KM2KM1KM3U1V1W1U2V2W2U1U2V1W2W1V23KTKM1KTKTKT停:按下SB3或过载低速起动低速运行低速高速YYKHKHM3～3.时间继电器控制双速电动机L1L2L3SB1KM1KM2SB2KM1QSFU1FU23KM1KM2KM3SB3KM3KM2KM1KM3U1V1W1U2V2W2U1U2V1W2W1V23KTKM1按下SB2KM1线圈得电KT线圈得电KTKTKT低速起动高速运行低速高速YYKHKHM3～3.时间继电器控制双速电动机L1L2L3SB1KM1KM2SB2KM1QSFU1FU23KM1KM2KM3SB3KM3KM2KM1KM3U1V1W1U2V2W2U1U2V1W2W1V23KTKM1KM1，KT各触头动作电动机低速起动松开SB2KTKTKT低速起动高速运行低速高速YYKHKHM3～3.时间继电器控制双速电动机L1L2L3SB1KM1KM2SB2KM1QSFU1FU23KM1KM2KM3SB3KM3KM2KM1KM3U1V1W1U2V2W2U1U2V1W2W1V23KTKM1经KT整定时间KT延时触头动作,KM1线圈断电KM2,KM3线圈得电动作电动机高速运行KTKTKT低速起动高速运行低速高速YYKHKHM3～3.时间继电器控制双速电动机L1L2L3SB1KM1KM2SB2KM1QSFU1FU23KM1KM2KM3SB3KM3KM2KM1KM3U1V1W1U2V2W2U1U2V1W2W1V23KTKM1KTKTKT停:按下SB3或过载低速起动高速运行低速高速YYKHKHM3～3.时间继电器控制双速电动机三速电动机定子绕组接线图中速—Y接法高速—YY接法三、三速异步电动机的控制线路三速电动机的两套定子绕组低速—△接法1.接触器控制三速电动机的控制线路△形低速Y形中速YY形高速L1L2L3KM1QSFU1FU2KM2KM1低速Y中速YY高速KM3M3～KM3KM2KM3KM1KM3KM1KM2SB4KM1KM2SB2SB3SB1U3W1V1U1V2V4U4U2W2W4KM4333KM4KM4KM2KM3KM4KHKH电路组成分析L1L2L3KM1QSFU1FU2KM2KM1低速Y中速YY高速KM3KM3KM2KM3KM1KM3KM1KM2SB4KM1KM2SB2SB3SB1U3W1V1U1V2V4U4U2W2W4KM4333KM4KM4KM2KM3KM4合上电源开关QS按下SB1KM1线圈得电电动机接成低速启动M3～KHKHL1L2L3KM1QSFU1FU2KM2KM1低速Y中速YY高速KM3KM3KM2KM3KM1KM3KM1KM2SB4KM1KM2SB2SB3SB1U3W1V1U1V2V4U4U2W2W4KM4333KM4KM4KM2KM3KM4松开SB1电动机继续低速启动,运行M3～KHKHL1L2L3KM1QSFU1FU2KM2KM1低速Y中速YY高速KM3KM3KM2KM3KM1KM3KM1KM2SB4KM1KM2SB2SB3SB1U3W1V1U1V2V4U4U2W2W4KM4333KM4KM4KM2KM3KM4先按SB4KM1线圈失电电动机断电再按SB2KM2线圈得电电动机Y联接,中速运行M3～KHKHL1L2L3KM1QSFU1FU2KM2KM1低速Y中速YY高速KM3KM3KM2KM3KM1KM3KM1KM2SB4KM1KM2SB2SB3SB1U3W1V1U1V2V4U4U2W2W4KM4333KM4KM4KM2KM3KM4松开SB2电动机Y联接,继续中速运行M3～KHKHL1L2L3KM1QSFU1FU2KM2KM1低速Y中速YY高速KM3KM3KM2KM3KM1KM3KM1KM2SB4KM1KM2SB2SB3SB1U3W1V1U1V2V4U4U2W2W4KM4333KM4KM4KM2KM3KM4先按SB4KM2线圈失电电动机断电再按SB3KM3,KM4线圈得电电动机YY联接,高速运行M3～KHKHL1L2L3KM1QSFU1FU2KM2KM1低速Y中速YY高速KM3KM3KM2KM3KM1KM1KM2SB4KM1KM2SB2SB3SB1U3W1V1U1V2V4U4U2W2W4KM4333KM4KM4KM2KM3KM4先按SB4KM2线圈失电电动机断电再按SB3KM3,KM4线圈得电电动机YY联接,高速运行M3～KHKH2.时间继电器自动控制三速电动机的控制线路△形低速启动,运行L1L2L3KM1QSFU1FU2KM2KM1低速Y中