外研版八英下知识点总结

外研版八年级英语下册知识点总结M11.重要语法:感官性系统词:feel(摸起来)、look(看起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)sound(听起来),接形容词作表语，不能接副词。构成疑问句或否定句要借助助动词。Thesilkdressfeelssoft.Theflowerslookverybeautiful.Doesitsmellnice?Thesongdoesn'tsoundbenoisy.2.Whatadelicioussmell!多么香啊!感叹句结构:对名词或名词短语感叹用what①What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)!Whataninterestingbookitis!②What+形容词+不可数名词/复数名词+(主语+谓语)!Whatbadweatheritistoday!Whatgoodstudentstheyare!、对形容词、副词或动词感叹用how③How+形容词/副词+主语+语!Howfastheisrunning!Howdeliciousitsmells!3.I'mafraid+句子:恐怕...I'mafraidhehasnotimetoday.4.bedone做好了Isyourhomeworkdone?你的作业做好了吗?5.haveatry试一试;尝一尝6.haveasweettooth喜好甜食7.thanksfor+名词/动词-ing=thankyoufor+名词/动词-ing因...而感谢你。Thanksforyourhelp.=Thanksforhelpingme.Thankyouforinvitingmetoyourparty.8.hearfrom..=get/receivealetterfrom.收到...的来信9.can'twaittodosth.迫不及待去做某事Ican'twaittoseeyou.10.人+spend+时间(in)doingsth。=Ittakes+人+时间+todosth.某人花费多少时间做某事Hespenttwodays(in)readingthenovel.=Ittookhimtwodaystoreadthenovel.11.too也(置于肯定句末，前加逗号)also也(置于肯定句中be或情态动词之后)aswell也(置于肯定句末，前不加逗号)either也（否定句句末，前加逗号）12.beproudof...=takepridein...以...为豪Myparentsareproudofme.13.Howdoyoufeelabout+名词、动词-ing?=Whatdoyouthinkof++名词、动词-ing?你觉得...怎么样?Howdoyoufeelaboutthefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?HowdoyoufeelaboutcomingtoChina?=WhatdoyouthinkofcomingtoChina?14.beafraidof+名词、动词-ing害怕...Iamafaidofdog/goingoutatnight.beafraidofdoingsth.=beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事Sheisafraidofsleepingaloneatnight.=Sheisafraidtosleepaloneatnight.15.--Whatdoessb.looklike?某人长得怎么样(问外表)--sb.beshort/tall/young/pretty..(--Whatissblike?某人性格怎么样?(问性格或品质)--sb.isquiet/nice/strict/kind.-WhatdoesyourEnglishteacherlooklike?-Heistall-WhatisyourEnglishteacherlike?-Heisstrictbutfriendly.M21.重要语法:现在完成时:描述过去已经、曾经或还没有做过某事的经历体验，对现在造成的影响。结构:have/has+动词过去分词-(否定)haven't/hasn't+动词过去分词含义:已经/曾经做过.../还没有做过...标志词:already、ever、never、yet、just等。Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework他已经完成了作业。(可以交作业了)Wehaven'thaddinneryet.我们还没有吃晚饭。(我们现在饿)Haveyoueverenteredaspeakingcompetition?你参加过演讲比赛吗?2.enteracompetition=takepartinacompetition参加竞赛3.helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事HeoftenhelpsmelearnEnglish.3.affordsth.买得起某物Ican'taffordthenewbike.affordtodosth.付得起钱去做某事4.=haveenoughmoneytobuysth.Shecan'taffordtogotoschool.她没钱去上学。5.stoptodosth.=stopandthendosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事I'mtired.Let'sstoptohavearest.我累了让我们停下来休息一下吧!It'stimeforclassnow,Let'sstoptalking.上课了!让我们别讲话了!6.makeup编写makeupastory编故事makeit/themup(代词要放中间)7.invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事8.fifteen-year-old十五岁的(复合形容词中的名词不能加s,作定语)fifteenyearsold十五岁(短语，不能作定语，常作表语)Heisfifteenyearsold.=Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.9.atthemoment=now此刻(常用于现在进行时中)10.have/hasbeento+某地:曾经去过某地(人已经回来，常与次数连用)have/hasgoneto+某地:到某地去了(人未回，不能与次数连用)have/hasbeenin+某地:在某地呆/逗留(常与for+时间段连用)Eg:IhavebeentoHongKongtwiceHeisn'therenow.HehasgonetotheUSA.WehavebeeninChinafor20years.11.bedifferentfrom...与.不同12.findit+形容词+todosth.发现做某事是...的(it是形式宾语，代后面不定式)Ifinditeasytolearnmaths.我发现学数学很容易。TonyfindsithardtospeakChinese.托尼发现说汉语很难。13.sofar到目前为止(常用于现在完成时)SofarIhavelearnt3,000Englishwords.14.allovertheworld=aroundtheworld全世界15.countdown倒数M31.already已经(常用于现在完成时肯定句中或句末)Ihavealreadyknownhimyet尚，还(常用于现在完成时否定句或疑问句末)Hasitarrivedyet?just刚刚(常用于现在完成时肯定句中）Theyhavejustarrived.2.Whatareyourupto?=Whatareyoudoing?你在忙什么?3.I'mnotsurehowtomakeit.=I'mnotsurehowIcanmakeit.4.That'swhy...那就是..的原因了。5,inorderto+动词原形:为了..sothat+句子=inorderthat+句子:为了..Heworkssohardinordertogetthebestscore.Heworkssohardsothat(inorderthat)hecangetthebestscore.6.thereis--(现在完成时形式)therehasbeen已经有/存在thereare--(现在完成时形式)therehavebeen已经有/存在=Therehavebeenmanybuildingsinvillagesince15yearsago.7.goaround...围绕...转8.noneof+名词复数/宾格+动词(单/复形):...没有一个(指人也指物)noone+动词(单)=nobody(仅指人，不与of连用，常用于who提出的问题)Noneofthestudentsknow(s)theanwer.没有-个学生知道答案。Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?-None.一个也没有.Nooneknowstheanswer.没有人(强调有没有人)9.becalled...被称为....10.asmallpartof...的一小部分11.communicatew.t....联系12.finishdoingsth.完成做某事13.writeback回信M4重要语法:1.现在完成时(二):描述一个动作或状态从过去持续到现在乃至将来有多长时间。常与“for+时间段/since+时间点”、sofar、recently(最近)、inthelast10years(最近十年)等表示持续的时间连用，也用于howlong问句中。IhavelearntEnglishfor6years.Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn.Chinahaschangedalotinthelast30years.HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?特别注意:在现在完成时(二)中，与“for+时间段/since+时间点”或howlong问句中，动词必须为可延续性动词(learn,stay,live..）不能为短暂性动词(buy,borrow,die..),若为短暂性动词则要转换成延续性动词或短语。如:buy-haveborrow---keep/haveleave----beawaydie----bedeadcome/go/reach-beinjoin/takepartin-----bein.Ihaveboughtthebikefor3days.(buy为短暂性动词，不能与for+时间段连用)(错误）Ihavehad/keptthebikefor3days.(buy改为延续性动词have）2.(问)-Howlong..?多...(答)--For+时间段/since+时间点。Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?你这样多久了?Ihavebeenillforaboutthreedays.我生病大约三天了3.catchacold感冒haveafever发烧takeone'stemperature测量某人的体温doexercise锻炼fastfood快餐notusually不经常threetimesaday一天三次4.beharmfulto...有害Playingcomputergamesisharmfultoyoureyes.5.bydoing..通过做....decide(not)todosth.决心(不)做某事6.inexcellent/badcondition身体状况良好/差7.ridetowork=gotoworkbybike骑车上班8.arriveat/in=getto=reach到达9.withasmileonone'sface面带笑脸10.goforarun去跑步11.feelawful感到不适12.allover浑身;遍及13.to.....太...而不能...Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool14.choosesb.todosth.选择某人去干某事15.Ontheway在路上M51.It'stimetodosth.=It'stimefor(名词)