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一、并列连词:一)常见的表示语义延伸的并列连词有:1.andJusticeisonyourside.Andjusticewilltriumphoverinjustice.正义在你们一边,而正义是会战胜非正义的。2.neither...norShecouldneitherspeakthelanguagenorwriteit.这种语言她既不会说,也不会写。3.both...andAmanshouldhavebothcourageandperseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。4.notonly...butalsoWeshouldnotonlybebold,butalsobecautious.我们不仅要大胆,而且要谨慎。5.aswellasIhavereadoneofhisnovelsaswellasafewofhisplays.我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。二)表示选择的并列连词有:1.orYoumaydoityourself,orasksomeoneelsetodoit.你可以自己做或者让别人做。2.either...orIleftiteitheronthetableorinthedrawer.我不是把它放在桌子上了,就是放在抽屉里了。除了表示选择外,or和either...or还可以表示否定的条件:1)NowImustgoor(ifnot)Ishallbelatefortheparty.我现在得走了,否则晚会我就要迟到了。2)You'lleitherbehaveyourself,oryou'llnevergooutwithme.你要么老实点,要么就永远不能跟我一起出去。三)表示转折或对比的并列连词有:1.butHetriedhardbuthewasunsuccessful.他做了很大努力但没有成功。2.yetThecarwasold,yetitwasinexcellentcondition.这辆车子很旧,但仍处于良好的状态。3.howeverShefeltill.Shewenttowork,however,andtriedtoconcentrate.她病了。然而她照旧去上班,并且尽力集中精神工作。四)表示因果关系的并列连词有:因果:原因和结果1.forYou'dbetterputonyoursweater,forit'srathercoldoutside.你最好把毛衣穿上,因为外边相当冷。2.soMysisterisexpectingme,soImustbeoffnow.姐姐在等我,因此我得走了。二、从属连词:从属连词是用来引导从句的。一)引导时间状语从句的从属连词有:1.whenTherewasprolongedapplausewhenhebegantospeak.他开始讲话时响起了经久不息的掌声。2.whileWeshouldstrikewhiletheironishot.我们要趁热打铁。3.asAs(When)heentered,thehallburstintothunderousapplause.当他进来时,全场发出雷鸣般的掌声。4.afterAfterIvisitShanghaiI'lltraveluptheYangtze.访问上海之后,我将溯长江而上。5.beforeItwouldbemonthsbeforehewasfitforthework.要过好几个月他才能适应工作。6.sinceItisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.我们到这里才一个星期。7.until(till)Ishallstayhereuntil(till)I'vecompletedmystudies.我要在这里待到学习结束为止。8.assoonasAssoonashegotwell,hewentbacktowork.他病一好就回去上班了。9.onceOncehesaidthat,Iknewhewaslying.他一说这话我就知道他在撒谎。二)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:1.becauseHefailedbecausehewastoocareless.因为他太粗心,所以失败了。2.asAsitwasalreadyratherdark,wedecidedtostopatthetempleforthenight.因为已经相当晚了,我们决定在庙里待一夜。3.sinceSince(原因)youdon'twanttogo,wewon'tforceyouto.既然你不愿意去,我们也不勉强你。4.nowthatNowthatyouareallback,we'dbetterstarttheworkrightaway.你们既然都回来了,我们最好马上就开始工作。5.considering(that)Theydidthejobquitewellconsidering(that)theyhadnoexperience.考虑到他们没有什么经验,这项工作他们已经干得不错了。6.seeingthatSeeingthat(Since)nobodywasveryenthusiasticaboutit,theydecidedtocancelthetrip.由于都没有很高的热情,他们决定取消这次旅行。七)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:1.so...thatShewassomovedthattearscametohereyes.她感动得热泪盈眶。2.such...thatItwassuchaboringspeechthatIfellasleep.演讲枯燥乏味,听得我都睡着了。三)引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:1.ifIfyoucandoit,socanI.你要是能办到,我也能办到。2.evenifWewouldn'tloseheartevenifweshouldfailtentimes.我们就是失败十次也不灰心。3.unlessIwon'tgounlessyouwantmeto.除非你要我去,否则我是不会去的。4.incaseWe'dbettertakeourraincoatsincaseitshouldrain(rains).我们最好把雨衣带着以防下雨。5.provided/providing(that)I'llcomeprovided(providing)(that)youletmeknowingoodtime.你要是及时通知我是会来的。6.suppose/supposing(that)Suppose(Supposing)(that)hewon'tagree,whatshallwedo?假如他不同意,我们怎么办?7.as(so)longasYoumayusetheroomaslongasyoukeepitclean.只要保持清洁你可以用这个房间。8.oncondition(that)I'lllendyouthebookoncondition(that)youreturnitonMonday.只要你能在星期一还我,这本书我就借给你。四)引导让步状语从句的从属连词有:1.although/thoughEverybodyworkedwithgreatenthusiasmalthough/thoughtheweatherwasextremelycold.虽然天气很冷,大家工作得非常起劲。2.evenif(though)EvenifIhavetowalkallthewayI'llgetthere.即使我得一路走着去,我也要去那里。五)引导比较状语从句的从属连词有:1.thanWehaveproduced20%morecottonthisyearthanwedidlastyear.我们今年棉花产量比去年高百分之二十。2.as(so)...asHedoesn'tplayhalfaswellashissister.他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。六)引导目的状语从句的从属连词有:1.lestSheexplainedagainandagainlestpeopleshouldmisunderstandher.她一再解释唯恐人们误解。2.sothatSpeakclearlysothatwemayunderstandyou.讲话要清楚,以便我们能听明白。3.inorderthatHeassignedussomebookstoreadathomeinorderthat(sothat)wemighthaveadeeperunderstandingofthesubject.他指定几本书给我们回家看,以便我们对这一主题有一个较深的了解。八)引导名词性从句的连词有三个:(1)that(本身无意义),(2)whether(ornot),(3)if。例如:Thattheywillrefusetheofferisunlikely.他们不太可能会拒绝这个建议。Idon'tknowwhether(=if)thesefiguresareaccurate.我不知道这些数字是否精确。需要注意的是:whether(ornot)可引导大部分名词性从句;if仅可引导宾语从句,而且不可跟ornot。例如:Whether(≠if)theywillcomeornotwon'tmakemuchdifference.他们来不来关系不大。Iwonderif(=whether)shehasreceivedourtelegram.我不知道她是否收到了我们的电报。先行词与关系词的关系引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语。含有定语从句的句子一般分为两层:即主句层(第一层),定语从句层(第二层)。
本文标题:并列连词和从属连词
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