初中被动语态课件(定稿)

被动语态寿春中学HowtodescribethepicturesTheriverwasseriouslypolluted.Sometreeswerecutdown.语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。英语语态被动语态的构成由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。waterwateredwatereduseusedusedstudystudiedstudiedstopstoppedstoppeddodiddonerideroderiddenForexamplefindfoundfoundmakemademadebuildbuiltbuiltsweepsweptswepttaketooktakenbuyboughtboughthavehadhadsingsangsungtelltoldtoldgivegavegiven英语的谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语宾变主,主变宾,前加by动变被,看清be,结构分别be+pp主动语态被动语态主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语/宾语.bythem.1.一般现在时am/is/are+done•Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.•Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.Shewaterstheflowerseveryday.TheflowersWhatdoesshedoeveryday?everyday.arewateredbyherTheydotheirhomeworkafterschool.Theirhomeworkisdonebythemafterschool.Heplaysbasketballeveryweek.Basketballisplayedbyhimeveryweek.Mymothersweepstheflooreveryday.Thefloorissweptbymymothereveryday.Iboughtacomputerlastterm．Acomputerwasbought(byme)lastterm.2.一般过去时was/were+done•Heputonacoat.•Acoatwasputonbyhim.Jimrodethemotorbiketohisfactoryyesterday.Themotorbikewasriddentohisfactoryyesterday.Theyhadaneveningpartylastweek.Aneveningpartywashadlastweek.TheGreatWallwasbuiltbyChinesepeoplemanyyearsago.ChinesepeoplebuilttheGreatWallmanyyearsago.Thestudentsplantedmanytreesyesterday.Manytreeswereplantedbythestudentsyesterday.3.现在进行时:am/is/are+being+V(p.p)Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.4.过去进行时：was/were+being+v(p.p)5.一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedone•Heisgoingtowritealettertohismother.•Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.sendto,hospital,rightnowatalk,give,soonTheywillbesenttothehospitalrightnow.Atalkwillbegivensoon.I__________________(notinvite)totomorrow’swedding.won’tbeinvitedwillnotbedone否定结构Dogswillnotbeallowedtoenteryourclassroom.allowsmokingstadiumallowSmokingwillnotbeallowedinthestadium.6.现在完成时has/have+beendone•Jimhasfinishedthework.•TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.7.含有情态动词的被动语态•can/may/must/should等情态动词+be+done•Icanfindhim.•Hecanbefoundbyme.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.Hecancarrythebasket.Thebasketcanbecarriedbyhim.Anncantakegoodcareofthecats．ThecatscanbetakengoodcareofbyAnn.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomshouldbecleanedbyuseveryday.Ourstudentsmustn’tsmokecigarettes.Cigarettesmustn’tbesmokedbyourstudents.小结：各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般过去时：情态动词：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在完成时：过去进行时：S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+doneS+can/may/must/should等+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+am/is/are+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+being+doneFillintheblankswiththeproperformofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1.Thebridge(build)lastyear.2.TheOlympicGames(hold)everyfouryears.3.Theproblem(discuss)atthemeetingnow.4.Hisnewbook(publish)nextmonth.5.Theclassroom(notclean)yet.wasbuiltareheldisbeingdiscussedwillbepublishedhasnotbeencleanedHomework:Readtext-16.Themachine(repair)atthistimeyesterday.7.Shesaidthereport(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks.8.MissLisaidthebook(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning.9.BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords(learn).10.Hesaidtheproject.(finish)by2010.wasbeingrepairedhadbeentypedwouldbegivenwillhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinished被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。(动词后的介词不可省）e.g.Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.被动句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.e.g.Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被动句：Thenewstudentsarelookedafterbythemintheschool.2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”。（即：主动省to，被动加上to。）e.g.Theymakeusdoallthework.被动句：Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem.e.g.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被动句：Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus.e.g.Isawhimwalktoschool.被动句：Hewasseentowalktoschoolbyme.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（常考词有：make,see,hear,feel,watch,notice等。)3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。常见加to的动词有:give，send,teach，write,show,pass,ask,tell…常见加for的动词有:make,buydraw…e.g.Hegivesmeaflowereveryday.被动1：Iamgivenaflowerbyhimeveryday.被动2：Aflowerisgiventomebyhimeveryday.e.g.Mymotherboughtmeacomputer.被动1：Iwasboughtacomputerbymymother.被动2：Acomputerwasboughtformebymymother.4.系动词没有被动形式，主动形式表被动意义。•常见的有taste（尝起来），sound（听起来），feel（摸起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来）等.1)Theappletastesgood.2)Thesongsoundsgentle.5.有些动词如:sell（卖），wash（洗），write(写）等与副词well（好），easily（容易地）等连用，描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动。例如：1)Thecoatwasheseasily.2)ThebookssellwellHomework:1.Hecleanstheclassroomeveryday.2.Theyfinishedtheirhomework.3.Icanmendhisbike.4.Shewillbuytenbookstomorrow.5.Weshouldn’tallowthemtogooutwiththeirfriends.6.Theoldmanoftenmakesuslaugh.Exercises:1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．arenotkept；willhavetoB．arenotkept；haveC．donotkeep；willhavetoD．donotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____andperfectednow.A.deve