the world mystery-beyond science

Chapter5BeyondScienceUsefulInformation•Wehumanshavefoundcountlessmysteriesoftheuniversewithwhichtooccupyourmindsoverthecenturies.Wenotonlyaskquestionsaboutwhatsomethingisbutwealsowanttoknowwhyitis.•Asancienthumanslookedattheskyabovethem,peoplealwaysthoughttheremighthavesomeonelivedinthesky.suchaschange(嫦娥),Gods,etc.•Humanshaveexploredthemysteriouswheneverpossible.Themoonwasagoaloncethoughtunattainable（不可企及的）forexploration,butitfinallyhappened.•TheBermudaTriangle（百慕大三角）,asectionoftheNorthAtlanticOceanoffNorthAmericainwhichmanyshipsandairplanesaresaidtohavemysteriouslydisappearedovertheyears,stillremainsmysterioustomanypeople.•MysteriousCircles(神秘的麦田圈)Nowadays,therearealotofmysteriousthingshappenedinthisworldCropCircles1.Canyouexplainsuchastrangephenomenon(现象)？Farmersmadeit!•2.LifeinOuterSpace?•Doyoubelievethereislifeinouterspace?Iftheanswerisyes,whatdoyouthinkcreaturesinouterspacelooklike?Reading1:CloseEncounterWithaUFOUnsolvedMysteries2.TheBiminiRoad3.TheRoanokeColony4.Marfalights5.Jimmyhoffa6.TheLochNessMonster7.bigfoot8.ElChupacabra•Studythemapandworkingroupstoanswerthefollowingquestions.1.WhereistheBermudaTriangle?2.WhatistheBermudaTriangleknownfor?1）theBermudaTriangleisanareaintheWesternAtlanticOceanbetweenBermuda,Miami,andPuertoRico.(波多黎各)2）TheBermudaTriangleisknownforitsbeingmysterious.Manyairplanesandshipshavedisappearedinthisverymysteriouspartoftheworld.MayanCivilizationBriefIntroductionMayancivilizationistheancientIndiancivilizationsofCentralAmerica,theInterAmericanIndiancivilizationinancientoutstandingrepresentativetotheMayanIndianname.ItappearsaroundBC.2500.•玛雅人居住的领域包括中美洲的心脏地带，分别以三个互相隔离的区域为中心——齐阿巴斯和危地马拉高原的南部高地、太平洋潮湿的沿海平原与萨尔瓦多西部、墨西哥湾伸展到贝利兹一带及洪都拉斯的热带森林区。•TheMayalivedintheeasternonethirdofMesoamerica(中美洲),mainlyontheYucatanPeninsula(尤卡坦半岛).TheyareagroupofrelatedNativeAmericantribeswhohavethesamelinguisticorganizationTheMayanCivilizationTimeLinea.ThePre-ClassicPeriod:2000B.C.-25A.D.b.TheClassicPeriod:250A.D.-900A.D.c.ThePost-ClassicPeriod:900A.D.-1500A.D.ThecharacteristicofMayacivilization•1、MayacivilizationbelongstoNeolithicCivilization(石器文明）。•2、掌握高度的数学和天文历法知识.掌握高度的建造技术，玛雅人不会使用铜铁，也不会使用轮车,但是却创造了高度的城市文明。•3、农业以玉米为主食，所以又称为CornCivilization（“玉米文明”），没有奴役牛马猪羊，没有出现畜牧业的痕迹，农民采用一种极原始的米尔帕耕作法。•4、数学采用发现并使用了“零”的概念。•5、使用独特的象形文字(Hieroglyphics)：玛雅文字Architecture•Observatories（天文台）.：•TheMayawerekeenastronomersandhadmappedoutthephases(位相）ofcelestialobjects,especiallytheMoonandVenus.Manytempleshavedoorwaysandotherfeaturesaligningtocelestialevents.Roundtemples,oftendedicatedtoKukulcan,areperhapsthosemostoftendescribedasobservatoriesbymodernruintour-guides•CaracolAstronomicalObservatory,ChichenItzaRuinslanguage•.asetofHieroglyphics(象形文字)•Thiswritingwascomposedofinscriptions(铭文)onstoneandwood,andwasusuallyusedontheinsideoroutsideoftheirarchitecture.•Thebookstheymadewerecalled“foldingtreebooks”.Thesebooksweremadefromfigtreebarkandusuallyplacedintheroyaltombs.•Fourofthesebooks(codices)survivetoday:TheDresdenCodex,TheMadridCodex,TheParisCodex,andtheGrolierCodex（“德累斯顿抄本”、“马德里抄本”和“巴黎抄本”）.Mathematics•IncommonwiththeotherMesoamericancivilizations,theMayausedabase20(以20为基数的）andbase5numberingsystem.Also,thepreclassical（古典期以前的）Mayanindependentlydevelopedtheconceptofzeroby36BC•但是，动物学者在形态已知的各种动物中没有发现类似的，于是向航空力学的专家们委托进行分析，结果机头、座舱、主翼、机身、垂直尾翼、水平尾翼都有，形态、平衡性完全符合航空力学的理论，于是这个装饰品便被称为“黄金航天飞机”。很难解释以当时的条件如何制造出如此精确的飞行器，这被称为世界最具悬念的十大未解之谜之一玛雅文化中的飞行器玛雅文化中的飞行器是存在于公元500－800年的南美哥伦比亚繁荣时期的文化遗物，长6厘米、宽5厘米、高1．5厘米的这个装饰品在发掘当初，是王族使用的垂饰，被当作一种“动物形态像”的眼睛。MayaCalendar•Tzolk‘in(卓尔金历)•CalendarRound•LongCount•VenusCycle•卓尔金历---260天一周期•金星历---584天一周期•太阳历---365天一周期•ThisMesoamericansteppyramid’splatform,alongwithitsfourstairwaysof91steps,totals365,orthenumberofdaysinacalendaryear.PossibleReasonsfortheCollapseofMaya•Forreasonsstillunknown,theMayacivilizationcollapsedinaboutAD900.•Soilexhaustion；•Waterlossanderosion；•CompetitionbetweenagricultureandthesurroundingSavanna(稀树草原),；•Catastrophessuchasearthquakesandhurricanes,disease；•Invasionsbyothersurroundingpeopleandcultures.