(英语)-英语阅读理解(教育文化)专题练习(及答案)及解析

（英语）英语阅读理解(教育文化)专题练习(及答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1．阅读理解Theendoftheyearisdrawingnear,andwinterisinfullswing.Theseasonbringsalongwithitstrongwindsandsnow—anenvironmentthat'snevercomfortabletobein.Thisunpleasantandevenfrighteningaspectofwintercanoftenbeseeninliterature.InShakespeare'sKingLear(1606),thekinghasgivenawayhiskingdomandbeenrejectedbyhistwoungratefuldaughters.Heisoutinthewintercold，sufferingthingsthatareusuallyreservedforthepoorestandmostunfortunatehumanbeings.ThewinterisbadenoughforLear，butbeingabandonedbyhisfamilyisworse.AsongfromanotherShakespeareplay,AsYouLikeIt(1599),isfittingforthispooroldman'ssituation:Blow,blow,thouwinterwind/Thouartnotsounkind/Asma'singratitude(忘恩负义).Here,winterisusedtobringouttheuglinessofinhumanity(无人性).Therearen'tmanythingsthatareworsethanwinter,accordingtoShakespeare.Oncewinterbecamelessofathreattohumanbeings,literaryworksfeaturingitbecamemorepositive.SinceCharlesDickens,therepresentationoftheseasoninliteraturehasoftenfeaturedhappyChristmascelebrations.Thecoldofthewinterweatherprovidesacontrasttothefungoingonindoors.Dickens'AChristmasCarol(1843)wasthestartofthis,butChristmasisstillacommon,cheeryelement(元素)instoriesthatfeaturewinterscenestoday.ConsiderthejoyfeltbyHarryPotterandhisfriendsinJ.K.Rowling'sHarryPotterandthePhilosopher'sStone(1997)astheysitdownfortheirfestivemeal：HarryhadneverinallhislifehadsuchaChristmasdinner.Ahundredfat，roastturkeys;mountainsofroastandboiledpotatoes;plattersofchipolatas;tureensofbutteredpeas,silverboatsofthick,richgravyandcranberrysauce.Itisalmostasmuchapleasuretoreadaboutthemealasitmighthavebeentoeatit.Althoughwinterstillisn'tthemostcheerfulseasoninnovelsandpoems,it'ssafetosaythatwritershavecertainlywarmedupsinceShakespeare'sdays.（1）What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthisarticle?A.Torecommendsomewinterstoriesinliterature.B.Toexplainwhatwinterislikeinliteraryworks.C.Todescribecertaincustomsthatarerelatedtowinter.D.Totelluswhywinterisdescribedasunpleasantinliterature.（2）WhatcanwelearnfromShakespeare'sworks?A.Shakespearedidn'tlikewinterforitsbadweather.B.KingLearwasforcedtogiveupbeingakinginacoldwinter.C.It'sinwinterwhenKingLeardrovehistwodaughtersoff.D.Winteriscomparedwiththeuglysideofhumanity.（3）WhydoestheauthormentionCharlesDickensinthepassage?A.Becausealotofhisworksarerelatedtowinter.B.Becauseheisthemostpopularauthorofwinterstories.C.Becausehestartedanewwayofrepresentingwinter.D.Becausehisworksmakepeoplefeelcheerfulinwinter.（4）TheexampleofHarryPotterandthePhilosopher'sStoneisusedmainlytoshow.A.traditionalChristmasfoodmakesthewintercheeryB.ChristmasisstillasymbolofjoyinmodernstoriesC.it'sapleasuretoreadChristmas-relatedbooksinwinterD.winterhasbecomethehappiestseasoninliteraryworks【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐惧的方面经常在文学作品中看到，但随着时间的推移，文学作品中冬天的含义也在发生变化。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Thisunpleasantandevenfrighteningaspectofwintercanoftenbeseeninliterature”可知，人们经常可以在文学中看到冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐惧的方面。随后，作者描述了冬天在不同作家的作品中的不同方面。可推知，作者写本文是为了解释文学作品中的冬天是什么样子的。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Here,winterisusedtobringouttheuglinessofinhumanity(无人性).Therearen'tmanythingsthatareworsethanwinter,accordingtoShakespeare.”可知，在莎士比亚的戏剧《皆大欢喜》中，冬天被用来展现人性的丑陋。莎士比亚认为，没有什么比冬天更糟糕的了。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段可知，自狄更斯以来，在文学中这个季节的表现常常是圣诞快乐的庆祝活动。由此可知，作者在文中提到查尔斯·狄更斯是因为他开启了一种描写冬天的新方式。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段可知，寒冷的冬季天气与室内的乐趣形成了对比。再根据第六段第二句话可知，在J.K.Rowling的《哈利•波特与魔法石》中，哈利•波特和他的朋友们在享用圣诞大餐时是快乐的。作者通过这个例子说明在现代故事中圣诞节仍然是快乐的象征。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解AsaFulbright（富布莱特法案基金）scholaratYale,Iwantedverymuchtogetsomeindividualhelpfromsomefamousprofessors,buttheiroffice-hourswereonlyonceaweekandtherewerealwaysstudentswaitingoutside.Atfirst,Iwastoopolitetogettheirhelp.ThenIrealizedthatChinesepolitenessdoesnotworkinthissociety.IneededtobeaggressivetogetwhatIwanted.IalsonoticedthatChinesestudentsorAsianstudentswereverypoliteinclasswhileAmericanstudentsofteninterruptedtheprofessor,askingquestionsanddominatingthediscussion.TheChinesestudentswerenotasaggressiveasAmericanstudents.Iwasimpressedbytheroleoftheprofessorintheclass.Theprofessordidn'tactasanauthority,givingfinalconclusions,butasaresearcherlookingforanswerstoquestionstogetherwiththestudents.Onelinguisticfeatureofhisinteractingwithhisstudentswasthatheusedmanymodalverbs-farmorethanIdidinBeiwai.Whenansweringquestions,heusuallysaid:thisismypersonalopinionanditcouldbewrong.ItwouldbeagoodideaifyoucouldreadthebookImentionedtheotherday.Or,YoumayfindthebookIrecommendedhelpful.Or,Youcouldberight,butyoumightfindthispointofviewalsointeresting.Whenmakingcommentsonstudents'performances,theprofessorusuallysaid:Itmighthavebeenmuchclearerifyouhadtakeninsomeoftheideaswediscussedearlierthissemester.InChina,authoritiesarealwayssupposedtogivewisedecisionsandcorrectdirections.Thereforestudentsalwaysexpecttheprofessortogiveananswertothequestion.Istillrememberhowannoyedtheywerewhenforeignteachersdidnotprovidesuchananswer.TheirexpectationsfromauthoritiesaremuchhigherthanthoseofAmericanstudents.OncetheChinesestudentsgottheanswer,theyweres