(江苏专用)2016届高考英语二轮复习课件：第三部分专题二 阅读理解 第2课时

第2课时高瞻远瞩——锁定主旨大意类题目⊙怎么考主旨大意类题目主要考查全文的主旨大意、段落的中心思想，作者的写作目的和文章标题。常见的设问方式有：1.Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat________.2.Thepassageismainlyabout________.3.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis________.4.Thetopic/subjectdiscussedinthispassageis________.5.Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat________.6.Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith________.7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?8.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?⊙怎么学在平时的阅读练习中，注意文章的体裁，把握作者的写作目的与思路，学会抓主题句、主题段，关注文章的首段、尾段、每段的首句和尾句等。另外，掌握略读与细读的基本技巧，学会积累、寻找关键词像themostimportant，finally等，像概括类词therefore，inaword等。⊙怎么解做此类题目时做到：1.高瞻远瞩，不可以偏概全；不可以个人的思想代替作者的思想。2.在了解全文大意的基础上，仔细考虑选项内容与文章主题有没有联系；3.看选项内容对文章概括得是否正确；4.要注意选项中所给出的题目范围是否过大或过小。要避免以下三种错误：概括不够，过度概括，以事实细节替代概括性强的大意。5.找主题句的四个小窍门：①段落中出现表转折的词语(如however，but，infact，actually，while，onthecontrary，incontrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。②首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。③作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。④表示总结或结论的词或短语有therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，inconclusion等。【典例剖析1】体裁：说明文话题：房子与健康词数：380时间：8′(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ，B)Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating，forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(难为情)whenthey'reinpoorlylitplaces—andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn'thaveenoughwindowlight，getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy，peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing，whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit'stimetorepaint，goblue.Don'tforgettheclock—ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime，andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou'reatit，actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown，turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone，totalintake(摄入)jumpsby14percent.Andwe'llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort，wideglassthanatall，skinnyglass.【语篇解读】这是一篇科普说明文。短文主要说明了人的食量与房子粉刷的颜色、灯光的明暗等有着密切的关系。它们对人的身材会产生一定的影响。1.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout________.A.theirhomecomfortsB.theirbodyshapeC.housebuyingD.healthydiets答案B[推理判断题。短文主要说明了饮食与室内光线、墙壁的颜色、餐具的尺寸及进餐的速度等有着密切的关系。显然这对于那些注重体型的人是有所帮助的。故答案为B。]2.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople________.A.digestfoodbetterB.reducefoodintakeC.burnmorecaloriesD.regaintheirappetites答案B[事实细节题。根据第三段“...peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.”可知，蓝色的用餐环境有助于减少食物摄入量。因此B项正确。]3.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?A.Eatquickly.B.Playfastmusic.C.Usesmallerspoons.D.Turndownthelights.答案C[事实细节题。由第四段第二句可知，进餐快的人比进餐慢的人每顿饭多消耗70卡路里的热量。由此可知A项错误。由第四段倒数第二句中的“turnonrelaxingmusic”可知B项不对。而由第二段首句中的“turnupthelights”可知D项也是错误的。根据最后一段“whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone，totalintakejumpsby14percent.”也可直接推知答案为C。]4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?B.WaysofServingDinnerC.EffectsofSelfConsciousnessD.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?答案A[标题归纳题。短文首句即为主题句：房子可能影响住户的身材。接下来从房子的颜色、室内灯光等方面说明了对饮食的影响。用A项作标题，既能总括全文，又能吸引读者。]【典例剖析2】体裁：议论文话题：社会生活词数：266时间：5′(2014·重庆卷，E)It'sgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes.Theyrecycletheirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment.Theypay$5foracaramelbruléelattebecausetheylikeexpensivecoffeedrinks.It'sundeniablethatbehaviorcomesfromourinnerdispositions(性情)，butinmanyinstanceswealsodrawinferencesaboutwhoweare，assuggestedbythesocialpsychologistDarylBem，byobservingourownbehavior.Wecanbestrangerstoourselves.Ifweknewourownminds，whywouldweneedtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehavior？Ifourmindswereanopenbook，wewouldknowexactlyhowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentorlikelattes.Actually，weoftenneedtolooktoourbehaviortofigureoutwhoweare.Moreover，wedon'tjustuseourbehaviortolearnaboutourparticulartypesofcharacter－weinfercharactersthatweren'ttherebefore.Ourbehaviorisoftenshapedbylittlepressuresaroundus，whichwefailtorecognize.Maybewerecyclebecauseourwivesandneighborswoulddisapproveifwedidn't.Maybewebuylattesinordertoimpressthepeoplearoundus.Weshouldnotmistakenlybelievethatwealwaysbehaveasaresultofsomeinnerdisposition.Whateverpressurestherecanbeorinferencesonecanmake，peoplebecomewhattheydo，thoughitmaynotbeincompliance(符合)withtheirtruedesires.Therefore，weshouldallbearinmindKurtVonnegut'sadvice：“Wearewhatwepretendtobe，sowemustbecarefulaboutwhatwepretendtobe.”【语篇解读】本文讲述了人的性格和态度决定人的行为。5.Accordingtothepassage，personalitiesandattitudesarecommonlybelievedto________.A.determineone'sbehaviorB.reflectone'stasteC.influenceone'ssurroundingsD.resultfromone'shabits答案A[事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“I