unit4 earthquakes language points

Unit4earthquakesLanguagepointsParagraph11.Forthreedaysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.rise(rose,risen)goup;gethigher;(ofthesun,moon,stars,etc.)comeabovethehorizon;standup,getoutofbedvi.升起,起身,高耸,增长,上升n.上升,增加,上涨,发生,出现Everyoneknowsthatthesunrisesintheeast.Herosefromhischairwhenthedoorbellrang.Paragraph1Compareriseraisevi.升起;上升;上涨(不能用于被动语态)举起;使升起;提高Vt.(可用于被动语态)Herjobis_______chickens.Hertemperatureisstill______.He________inrankrecently.raisingrisinghasrisenrisevi.指继续上升，常用于日，月，云，雾，烟，物价，温度，河水，潮水及人的职位等。raisevt.表示举起，提出，提升，提高（例如水平等级，程度等）种植，饲养他的弟弟年纪太小而不能参军Hisbrotheristooyoungtojointhearmy.=Hisbrotherisnotoldenoughtojointhearmy.2.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.@too…to…太…以至于不能(表否定)=not...enoughto“too…to…”结构之前带有only,but,never,not,时，是强调肯定的表示法，译作“非常……”“十分…”“实在……””真是太……”等Iamonlytoohappytoteachyou.我非常高兴教你们。Heisbuttoogladtodoso.他非常喜欢这样做Itisnevertoolatetolearn.活到老学到老。3....,whothoughtlittleoftheseevent,...thinklittleof:paylittleattentionto不重视，认为...没什么了不起Eg:Hethoughtlittleofwhatshesaidatthattime.他没太多在意她当时所说的话。thinknothing/poorlyof类似的短语：thinkmuchof重视，认为...很重要thinkhighlyof高度赞扬辨析：event,affair,matterandthing.event:侧重指大事、要事（有意义或不同寻常之事）也可指体育赛事affair:意为（繁杂的，较多的）事物，事情，含义较广affairs:一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务，如财政管理、外交事务Heshowsgreatinterestininternationalaffairs.matter：侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题Thereareseveralimportantmattersweshoulddiscuss.thing:意为“事情、事务”不管大小，好坏，均可称为thing.things：可做形势，情况来讲Paragraph2•Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!世界似乎到了末日！(本句中asif引导了表语从句。）Themanwithlonghairlooksasifhewereanartist.那个留了长头发的男人看起来像个艺术家。Shewasshakingwithfrightasifshehadseenaghost.她吓得直哆嗦，就好像看见了鬼一样。asif在表语从句中相当于thatasif相当于asthough,常用在动词look,Seem，feel之后引导表语从句。如果从句情况接近事实，从句用陈述语气，反之，如果从句所表示的情况与事实相反，或者是不可能发生的，从句用虚拟语气。Attentionplease!与现在或将来事实相反，从句一般用过去时态;与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成事态。asif还可以引导方式状语从句，用法同它引导的表语从句一样。Hekeptworkingasifnothinghadhappened.他继续工作，仿佛什么都没有发生似的。asif还可以用于省略句中，如果asif引导的从句中含有“主语+连系动词”的结构，且从句主语和主句主语相同，可以省略句中的主语和连系动词。Heactsasifafool.Heactsasifhewereafool.atanend结束，终结MyholidayisatanendandImustgobacktoworktomorrow.attheendof在……的末端Helivesattheendofthegarden.bytheendof到……末为止Intheend最终，终于Hewillreturnhomeattheendofthisyear.Bytheendoflastmonth,hehadbeenonthatshipfortwoyears.Theygiveuptheplanintheend.injurehurtwoundLucyhurtherselfwhenshefelldowninstairs.Thatwillhurtherfeeling.Vi.Mylegstillhurts.Thebulletwoundedhimintheshoulder.Hegotwoundedinaction.Tominjuredhisleginaskatingaccident.hurt受伤的一般用语,常指心灵的伤害,也可指身体的受伤或疼痛.wound指战场上的刀伤或枪伤injure一般指由于意外或事故而受伤,也可以表示“损害名誉,伤害感情等”Thattownwasdestroyedinabigfire.destroy:指彻底毁坏以至于不能或很难修复Theearthquakedamagedseveralbuildings.Damage:指价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复Heknockedoverabottleofinkandruinedthetablecloth.ruin:泛指一般的弄坏了，则表示破坏严重，以致不能修复，但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物，而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。1.Peoplewereshocked.shock:n.打击;震惊,震动vt.使震惊,使惊愕shocking:adj.使人震惊的Thenewsofhiswife’sdeathwasaterribleshocktohim.Youwillgetashockifyoutouchthelivewire.Iwasshockedbyhisrudeness.ashockingaccidentshockn.Surprisen.Hisdeathcameasagreatshocktous.他的死令我们大家都十分震惊。Hervisitwasaverypleasantsurprise.他的来访真令人又惊又喜。Peoplewereshocked.2.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.*insteadof代替,而不是（后接名词，动名词，代词，介词短语等，但不能接句子),如：Wewalkdownthestairsinsteadoftakingthelift.Hecamebybusinsteadofbytrain.*instead是副词，在句中单独作状语，置于句首时，意为“相反地”，如：Judydidn’tanswer.Instead,shelookedoutofthetaxiwindow.rescue&saveAteamwassentawaytorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.Shewasdeterminedtosavehermarriage.3.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.trapTheguestsweretrappedinthefire.Theytappedherintotellingwherethegiftwashidden.betrappedin…trapsbintodoingsth他们设了圈套，让他说出礼物藏在什么地方。4..Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.wonder:v.1)tohaveafeelingofsurprise.2)tobefilledwithcuriosityordoubt.n.onethatarousesastonishment,surprise;admirationItisnowonder(that)=Nowonder(that)---Tomoftenworksdeepintothenighteveryday.---Nowonderhealwaysgetsfirstintheexaminations.Paragraph41.Allhopewasnotlost.并没有丧失所有希望。该句为不完全否定，也可称之为部分否定all…not…=notall…;some…butnotall1）当not与all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及“every+名词”出现在同一个句子中时，不管not在他们之前或之后都表示部分否定。Notallthechildrenarenoisy.(=Someofthechildrenarenotnoisy.)1.闪光的并不都是金子。Notallglitterisgold.2）当表示完全否定意义时，英语中常用no,none,nobody,nothing,noone,neither等词与肯定式谓语连用来表达，如：Noneofuswere/wasallowedtogothere.Nobodyagreeswithme.Neitherofusgotanyprizeinthecontest.2.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10000minerswererescuedfromthecoalmines.在城市的北部,一万矿工中的大多数从矿井中被救出。@表方位介词in,to与onin表示在范围内;to表示在范围外（不接壤），on表示在范围外（接壤）.Japanlies____theeastofAsia.Japanlies____theeastofChina.Fujianlies______thenortheastofGuangdong.intoon