冠词a,anthe以及零冠词的用法及练习详解

冠词分为不定冠词（a,an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。一．不定冠词（a,an）1.指一类人或事，相当于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.第一次提及某人某物，非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.有个男孩在等你。3.表示“每一”相当于every，oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4.表示“相同”相当于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事ThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.（活雷锋）6.用于固定词组中acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7.用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8.用于so(as,too,how)+形容词之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.9.用于抽象名词具体化的名词前success(抽象名词)→asuccess(具体化)成功的人或事afailure失败的人或事ashame带来耻辱的人或事apity可惜或遗憾的事amust必需必备的东西agoodknowledgeof精通掌握某一方面的知识10.与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”。Inordertofindabetterjob,hedecidedtostudyasecondforeignlanguage.为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。二．定冠词（the）1.表示某一类人或物InmanyplacesinChina,___bicycleisstill___popularmeansoftransportation.A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD.the;the2.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3.表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4.用于演奏乐器playtheviolin,playtheguitar5.用于形容词和分词前表示一类人thereach,theliving,thewounded6.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）—Couldyoutellmethewayto____Johnsons,please?—Sorry,wedon’thave____Johnsonhereinthevillage.A.the;theB.the;aC./;theD.the;/7.用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.8.用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench9.用于表示发明物的单数名词前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10.在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代inthe1990’s(二十世纪九十年代)11.用于表示度量单位的名词前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12.用于方位名词，身体部位名词Hepattedmeontheshoulder.13.与比较级和最高级连用①比较级+and+比较级表示“越来越……”Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.②表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。Whoistheolderofthetowboys?③三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.三．零冠词1.专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air2.名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?3.季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4.表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5.表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6.与by连用表示交通方式的名词前Wewentrightroundtothewestcoastby______seainsteadofdrivingacross______continent.A.the;theB.不填；theC.the;不填D.不填；不填7.以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8.表示泛指的复数名词前Horsesareusefulanimals.四．位置冠词一般放在名词之前，名词之前若有形容词，冠词放在形容词之前。下列情况例外：1.不定冠词用于下列副词加形容词之后：as,how,however,so,too等。如：Heisasgoodasoldierashewas.他和以前一样是个好士兵。2.不定冠词置于such,what,many,not,too,muchof等之后。如：Manyalittlepicklemakesanickel.积少成多。3.定冠词通常放在all,both,double,exactly,just等词之后。如：Iofferedhimdoubletheamount，buthestillrefused.4.不定冠词常用于quite和rather之后，但如果另有形容词修饰时，不定冠词既可放在第二位，也可放在第一位，但最常见的仍是第二位。如：Sheisquiteawoman.她真是个女人。Itwasquite/ratheracoldday.很冷的一天(同Itwasaquite/rathercoldday.)5.当名词前的比较级被no，all，far，much等修饰时，也要后置。如：HeisnolessamanthanthePresident.6.定冠词要放在half,twice,much等之后。如：Hepaidtwicethepriceforit.他花了两倍的钱买了它。7.如果名词被副词hardly，scarcely，barely，exactly所修饰，或和一个形容词共同修饰时，冠词要放在上述副词之后、形容词之前。如：Thisishardlyarightthingtodo.这几乎是不能做的事。练习1.Howabouttaking_____shortbreak?Iwanttomake_____call.A.the;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;a2.Christmasis_____specialholidaywhen_____wholefamilyaresupposedtogettogether.A.the;theB.a;aC.the;aD.a;the3.Ilookedunder_____bedandfoundbooksIlostlastweek.A.the;aB.the；theC.不填；theD.the;不填4.Ilike_____colorofyourskirt.Itisgoodmatchforyourblouse.A.a;theB.a;aC.the;aD.the;the5.Georgecouldn’trememberwhenhefirstmetMr.Anderson,buthewassureitwasSundaybecauseeverybodywasatchurch.A./;theB.the;/C.a;/D./;a6.Manypeoplehavecometorealizethattheyshouldgoon_____balanceddietandmakeroomintheirdayforexercise.A.a;/B.the;aC.the;theD./;a7.—Howabout_____Christmaseveningparty?—Ishouldsayitwas_____success.A.a;aB.the;aC.a;不填D.the;不填8.Wewentrightroundtothewestcoastbyseainsteadofdrivingacrosscontinent.A.the;theB.不填;theC.the;不填D.不填;不填9.Georgecouldn’trememberwhenhefirstmetMr.Anderson,buthewassureitwasSundaybecauseeverybodywasatchurch.A./;theB.the;/C.a;/D./;a1.D。takeashortbreak“休息一会儿”，makeacall“打一个电话”。2.D。aspecialholiday指“某一个特别的节日”；thewholefamily为特指。3.B。此题中的thebed和thebooks都为特指。thebed指“所看的床”；thebooks指“所丢的书”。4.C。thecolor指“你衬衫的颜色”；agoodmatch泛指“和你的外套相配的一种好颜色”。5.C。aSunday泛指某一个星期天；atchurch为固定搭配，不用冠词，意为“在做礼拜”。6.A。abalanceddiet泛指“一种平衡的饮食”；makeroom为固定搭配，意为“腾出空间”。7.B8.B。bysea意为“经海路”；bythesea意为“在海边”；表示大陆、大洋等的名词前通常要加定冠词。9.C。a泛指“某个”；atchurch表示“做礼拜”，atthechurch表示“在教堂”。类似的词组：特别提示：当地点名词表示地点时，其前用定冠词；表示在这一地点所发生的活动时，其前不加冠词。如：Hewenttothebedandfetchedmeamagazinebeforehewenttobed.他睡觉前到床边给我拿了本杂志。2009年1.（安徽卷）Wecanneverexpectbluerskyunlesswecreatelesspollutedworld.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the2.（北京卷）Thebiggestwhaleis___bluewhale,whichgrowstobeabout29meterslong—theheightof____9-storybuilding.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD.the;a3.（江西卷）Somepeoplefearthat________airpollutionmaybringaboutchangesin_______weatheraroundtheworld.A.不填;theB.the;不填C.an;theD.the;a4.（海南卷）Let’sgotocinema-that’lltakeyourmindofftheproblemforwhileA.the;theB.the;aC.a;theD.a;a5.（陕西卷）Whatpitythatyoucouldn’tbetheretoreceiveprize!A.a;aB.the;aC.a;theD.the;the6.（四川卷）Inordertofind_______betterjob,hedecidedtostudy_________secondforeignlanguage.A.the;aB.a;aC.the;theD.a;the7.Idon’tunderstandwhattheengineermeans,butI’vegot______roughideaof_____projectplan.（浙