5.religions英国宗教

Religions•Ⅰ.Religion•1.Roman•①306Christianity;②563Columba,commonpeople;③597St.Augustine,kingandnobility.2.ConflictbetweenCatholicandProtestant•①664atWhitby,Romangainedtheupperhand.•②MartinLuther:a.Protestantism;b.independence.•③WilliamⅠ:a.control;b.uphold.•④HenryⅡ:a.reform;b.collisionwithBecket.•⑤HenryⅧ:Reformation,resultinthechurchofEngland.•⑥Mary:burnt300Protestants,BloodyMary.•⑦ElizabethⅠ:compromisetobothCatholicandPuritans.•⑧JamesⅠ:•⑨CharlesⅠ:theEnglishBookofCommonPrayer/Puritans→GrandRemonstrance.•⑩CharlesⅡ:Puritans→ClarendonCode,Catholic→TestAct.•⑾JamesⅡ:Catholic→GloriousRevolution•⑿BillofRight.Kings•1.NormanHouse:WilliamⅠ,1066•2.PlantagenetHouse:HenryⅡ,1154,civilwar•3.TudorsHouse:HenryⅦ,1485,warofRoses•4.StuartHouse:JamesⅠ,1603,ElizabethⅠhasnoson•5.Commonwealth:CromwellandRichard•6.Constitutionalmonarchy:•①Restorationin1660;•②GloriousRevolutionin1688;•③thejointrulebyWilliamandMaryin1689.CivilWar•1.Heptarchy:Egbert,Offa,Alfred.•2.Norman→Plantagenet:betweenStephenandHenry,HenrywonthebattleandbecameHenryⅡ.•3.Betweenkingandbaron:a.MagnaCarta;b.ProvisionofOxford;c.Parliament.•4.Uprising:betweenpeasantandking.•5.WarofRoses:a.betweenLancasterandYork;b.resultintheHouseofTudors.•6.BetweenElizabethⅠandMary.•7.1642-1649civilwar:betweenkingandparliament.•8.Chartismmovement:betweenChartistandParliament•KingsandReligionsHenryⅧ(6wives)•Ⅱ.Reformation•①Measure:•A.Domestic:a.controloverborderareas;b.gentrycontrollocalgovernment(JusticesofPeace).•B.Foreign:a.aidedbyArchbishopandLordChancellor;b.1517peaceconferenceinLondon;c.allywithsuperpower.•②Reformation:•a.Reasons:Therewere3maincauses:adesireforchangeandreformintheChurchhadbeengrowingformanyyearsandnow,encouragedbythesuccessofMartinLuther,manypeoplebelieveditstimehadcome;theprivilegeandwealthoftheclergywerealsoresented;andHenryneededmoney.•b.Directcause:HenryⅧwantedtodivorceCatherineofAragonbecauseshecouldnotproduceamaleheirfor•c.Purpose:Henry’sreformwastogetridoftheEnglishChurch’sconnectionwiththePope,andtomakeanindependentChurchofEngland.(HemadehisbreakwithRomegradually.HedissolvedallofEngland’smonasteriesandnunneries.)•d.Twoacts:a.1534ActofSuccession;b.1535ActofSupremacy.•e.Threeimportanteffects:theystressedthepowerofthemonarch;Parliamenthadneverdonesuchimportant;hisattackonthePope’spowerencouragedmanycriticsoftheabusesoftheCatholicChurch,andhebecameSupremeHeadoftheChurchofEnglandin1535.•f.Note:RealreligiouschangecameinHenryⅧ’ssonEdward’stime.PeoplecallhisswitchtoProtestanttheologyMaryTudor•①SheattempttoforciblyreconvertEnglandtoRomanCatholicism.•②Sheiscalled“BloodyMary”foratleast300Protestantswereburntasheretics.•③ThemonarchwholosttheFrenchportofCalaisduringarenewedwarwithFrance.•④Protestantismandnationalismwerenowforeversynonymous.•3.ElizabethⅠ:EnglandhasbeenProtestanteversince.Ⅲ.ElizabethⅠ(1)•1.ElizabethandParliament•①WorkwithParliament(thePuritansintheHouseofCommonsdemandedfurtherreligiousreform,buttheystillloyaltoQueen).•②TurbulentforParliament’sask:a.rightoffreespeech;b.discussionatwill;c.fivepersonalquestions(religion,marriage,foreignpolicy,thesuccessiontothethrone,andfinance).Ⅲ.ElizabethⅠ(2)•2.Elizabethandreligion•①Elizabeth’sreligiousreformwasacompromiseofviews.ShebrokeMary’stieswithRomeandrestoredherfather’sindependentChurchofEngland.(keeptoCatholicdoctrines;freefromthePapalcontrol)•②Conflict:a.Elizabeth–Protestant;b.Mary–Catholic.•3.Elizabeth’sforeignpolicy•①France:friendly.Ⅳ.JamesⅠ(1)•1.Controversy:a.PuritanaskforfurtherReformation;b.Jamesdeclared“NoBishop,NoKing”.•2.Catholic’splots.•①Cobham’sPlot:SirWalterwassenttotheTowerofLondonfor13years.In1615,JamesⅠreleasehimfortheneedofmoney.With13ships,hewenttoGuianaforgoldmine,butfailedandwasexecutedfinally.•②GunpowderPlot:OnNovember5,1605,afewfanaticalCatholicsattemptedtoblowKingJamesandhisministersupintheHousesofParliamentwhereGuyFawkeshadplantedbarrelsofgunpowderinthecellars.TheimmediateresultwastheexecutionofFawkesandsevereanti-Catholiclaws.(celebration)Ⅳ.JamesⅠ(2)•3.Puritan’sprotest•①Concession:KingJames’sBible,AuthorizedVersion1611.•②Flee:•A.ManyPuritanshadleftEnglandforHolland.•B.In1620,201PilgrimFatherssailedfromNewPlymouthintheMayflower,andfoundedNewPlymouthin•4.Uprising:betweenpeasantandking.•5.WarofRoses:a.betweenLancasterandYork;b.resultintheHouseofTudors.•6.BetweenElizabethⅠandMary.•7.1642-1649civilwar:betweenkingandparliament.•8.Chartismmovement:betweenChartistandParliament•Ⅶ.DividinglineinEnglishhistoryⅢ.Religion•1.EverypersoninBritainhastherighttoreligiousfreedomwithoutinterferencefromthecommunityortheState.(TheLordChancellormaynotbeaRomanCatholic.)2.Establishedchurches•①TherearetwoestablishedchurchesinBritain,thatis,churcheslegallyrecognizedasofficialchurchesoftheState:inEnglandtheChurchofEngland,andinScotlandthe(Presbyterian)ChurchofScotland.②ChurchofEngland•a.ChurchofEnglandisuniquelyrelatedtotheCrowninthattheSovereignmustbeamemberofthatChurchand,as“DefenderoftheFaith”,mustpromiseonhisorheraccessiontoupholdit.•b.TheChurchisalsolinkedwiththeStatethroughtheHouseofLords,inwhichthetwoarchbishop