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1、AnintroductiontoliteratureLiterature一、Whatisliterature?LiteraturecomesfromLatinlitterae,meaningletterinEnglish.Thewordliteratureliterallymeansacquaintancewithlettersandthetermlettersissometimesusedtosignifyliterature,asinthefiguresofspeechartsandlettersandmanofletters.Generalmeanings?①publishedwritingsinaparticularstyleonaparticularsubject(publications,books,brochuresandsoon)②creativewritingofrecognizedartisticvalue(artisticandliterarywritings)③theprofessionorartofawriter(vocation)④thehumani。
2、sticstudyofabodyofliterature(subject)⑤musicalproduct⑥knowledgeorlearning⑦reading(supplementaryliterature)ACrazyActLiteratureisaboutwritinginaparticularcountryofaperiod,allovertheworldingeneral.Literatureisawritingwhichhasclaimedtoconsiderundergroundofbeautyofform,andemotionaleffect.(Aestheticism)Literatureisallthewritingsthathavepermanentvalue,excellentformandgreatemotionaleffect.Literatureisawritinghavingexcellenceofformorexpression,andexpressingideasofpermanenceofuniversalinterest.(critica。
3、lmind)Adevelopingterm.AestheticismAestheticism(ortheAestheticMovement)wasa19thcenturyEuropeanartmovementthatemphasizedaestheticvaluesmorethansocio-politicalthemesforliterature,fineart,thedecorativearts,andinteriordesign.Generally,itrepresentsthesametendenciesthatsymbolismordecadencerepresentedinFrance,andmaybeconsideredtheBritishversionofthesamestyle.Itwaspartoftheanti-19thcenturyreactionandhadpost-Romanticorigins,andassuchanticipatesmodernism.Itwasafeatureofthelate19thcenturyfromabout1868toabo。
4、ut1900.TheartistsandwritersofAestheticstyleusedthesloganArtforArt'sSake(艺术是纯粹的),tendedtoprofessthattheArtsshouldproviderefinedsensuouspleasure,ratherthanconveymoralorsentimentalmessages.Instead,theybelievedthatArtdidnothaveanydidacticpurpose;itneedonlybebeautiful.TheAesthetesdevelopedacultofbeauty,whichtheyconsideredthebasicfactorofart.LifeshouldcopyArt,theyasserted.Theyconsiderednatureascrudeandlackingindesignwhencomparedtoart.InBritainthebestrepresentativeswereOscarWildeandAlgernonCharlesSwinb。
5、urne,alsoincludingJohnKeatsandPercyByssheShelley,greatlyinfluencedbytheFrenchSymbolists.OscarWilde(1856-1900):a.anIrishplaywright,anaestheteadvocating“artforart’ssake”.b.Hislanguageisconcise,wittyandsharp.Hecriticizesthehypocrisyandcorruptionoftheupperclass.Hisattacksaremorelikejokes.c.LadyWindermere’sFan,AWomanofNoImportance,AnIdealHusbandandTheImportanceofBeingEarnestAdevelopingterm.Whatisliterature?1)Thedefinitionof14thcentury:Itmeanspolitelearningthroughreading.Amanofliteratureoramanoflette。
6、rs=amanofwidereading,“literacy”2)Thedefinitionof18thcentury:practiceandprofessionofwriting3)Thedefinitionof19thcentury:thehighskillsofwritinginthespecialcontextofhighimagination4)RobertFrost’sdefinition:performanceinwords5)Moderndefinition:Wecandefineliteratureaslanguageartisticallyusedtoachieveidentifiableliteraryqualitiesandtoconveymeaningfulmessages.Literatureischaracterizedbybeautyofexpressionandformandbyuniversalityintellectualandemotionalappeal.DifferentIdeasLiteratureisimitation.Lit。
7、eratureisfunction.Literatureisanexpressionofemotions.(imagism意象派)Literatureisliterature.(payattentiontoitsform)Imagism1)ItisaMovementinU.S.andEnglishpoetrycharacterizedbytheuseofconcretelanguageandfiguresofspeech,modernsubjectmatter,metricalfreedom,andavoidanceofromanticormysticalthemes,aimingatclarityofexpressionthroughtheuseofprecisevisualimages.2)ItgrewoutoftheSymbolistMovementin1912andwasinitiallyledbyEzraPound,AmyLowell,andothers.3)TheImagistmanifestocameoutin1912showedthreeImagistpoeticp。
8、rinciples:directtreatmentofthe“thing”(nofuss,frill,orornament),exclusionofsuperfluouswords(precisionandeconomyofexpression),therhythmofthemusicalphraseratherthanthesequenceofametronome(freeverseformandmusic).4)Pounddefinedanimageasthatwhichpresentsanintellectualandemotionalcomplexinaninstantoftime,andlaterheextendedthisdefinitionwhenhestatedthatanimagewas“avortexorclusteroffusedideas,endowedwithenergy.”5)GenerallyanImagist’simagerepresentsamomentofrevealedtruth,truthrevealedbyaphysicalobjectpres。
9、entedandseenassuch.AnImagistpoem,therefore,oftencontainsasingledominantimage,oraquicksuccessionofrelatedimages.Itseffectismeanttobeinstantaneous.Forexample:InaStationoftheMetroTheapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd;Petalsonawet,blackbough.人群中幽然浮现的一张张脸庞,黝黑的湿树枝上的一片片花瓣。6)Abouttheabovepoem:The“Metro”istheundergroundrailwayofParis.Inthisbriefpoem,Poundusesthefewestpossiblewordstoconveyanaccurateimage,accordingtotheprinciplesofthe“Imagists”.Hetriestorenderexactlyhisobservationofhumanfacesseeninanunderg。
10、roundrailwaystation.Heseesthefaces,turnedvariouslytowardlightanddarkness,likeflowerpetalswhicharehalfabsorbedby,halfresisting,thewet,darktextureofabough.Theword“apparition”,withitsdoublemeaning,bindsthetwoaspectsoftheobservationtogether:Apparitionmeaning“appearance”,inthesenseofsomethingwhichappears,orshowsup;somethingwhichcanbeclearlyobserved.Apparitionmeaningsomethingwhichseemsrealbutperhapsisnotreal;somethingghostlywhichcannotbeclearlyobserved.ThisisperhapsthemostfamouspoemwrittenbyEzraPoun。
本文标题:一个英语生的文学导论课笔记
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