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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 高中教育 > 高中英语名词性从句课件
高三英语总复习语法系列训练名词性从句名词性从句相关概念:1.名词:表示人或事物名称的词。2.名词在句子中可以做的成分:主语、宾语、表语和同位语。TheboyisTom.(主语)(表语)Tom,a16-year-oldboy,likesEnglish.(主语)(同位语)(宾语)在英语的句子结构中,本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语,由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)名词性从句需注意的问题:1.名词性从句均需用陈述句语序即:主语+谓语2.连接词that不做成分无实际意义只起到连接的作用,但只有在宾语从句中可以省略(第二个及其以后的that不可省略),在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略。Weknow(that)EnglishisveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnEnglishverywell.1.我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。MydreamisthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.(表语从句)2.我能进入一所重点大学是我的梦想。ThatIcanenterakeyuniversityismydream.(主语从句)IhaveadreamthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.(同位语从句)3.我有一个梦想我能进入一所重点大学4.我总是梦想着我能进入一所重点大学。IalwaysdreamthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.(宾语从句)5一、引导名词性从句的连接词在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词:that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词:when,where,how,why不可省略的连词:1.介词后的连词2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.2020/4/2661.引导名词性从句的三类关联词1.thatwhetherif(在从句中不做成分,只起连接作用)2.whatwhowhomwhichwhose(在从句中做主、表、宾、定成分)3.whenwhywhenwhere(在从句中做状语)其它:Thathedidn’tcometoschoolisbecausehewasill.Shelooksasifshehasreallybeenthere.Thingsarenotastheyseemedtobe.2.连接代词(a.引导词b.做从句的成分)从句中做意思what主,宾,表,定什么which主,宾,表定哪个,哪些who主,宾表谁whom宾谁whose定语谁的一.whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下,whether不能被if所取代:1.whether引导主语从句(包括从句在句首的位置)应当用whether,不用if,如:Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.Whetherhewillcome,Iamnotsure.2.引导表语从句用whether,不用if,如:Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.3.whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语,而if则不能,如:I’mnotinterestedinwhetherthey’llgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.4.whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用,而if则不能,如:Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.5.引导同位语从句用whether,不用if,如:Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisessential.★大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可置于句末,用it充当形式主语。Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.二、名词性that-从句1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。that只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:主语:Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.宾语:JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.表语:Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.同位语:Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.形容词宾语:Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.2)that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明显……b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat…众所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定……c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……Itisafactthat…事实是……d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtosbthat…某人突然想起……用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:三、名词性wh-从句1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。wh-词包括who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:主语:Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.直接宾语:Inone'sownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.间接宾语:Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize.表语:Myquestioniswhowilltakeoverthepresident.宾语补足语:Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.同位语:Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.形容词宾语:I'mnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.介词宾语:Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.2)wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob.四、if,whether引导的名词从句1)yes-no型疑问从句从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同,例如:主语:Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.宾语:Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.表语:Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.同位语:Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.形容词宾语:She'sdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome.介词宾语:Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpasstheexams.2)选择性疑问从句选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…ornot构成,如:Pleasetellmewhether/iftheyareSwedishorDanish.Idon'tcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.五、否定转移1)将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。Idon'tthinkIknowyou.我想我并不认识你。Idon'tbelievehewillcome.我相信他不回来。注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。Ihopeyouweren'till.我想你没有生病吧。2)将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.3)有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。Idon'trememberhavingeverseensuchaman.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语having…)4)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone.(否定状语)一、同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处两种从句都可以用that引导e.g.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.(同位语从句)学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.(定语从句)值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处1、从句的作用不同:同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容;定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.(从句说明“消息”的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利。)Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.(从句对“消息”加以限定:是你告诉我们的,而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。)2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1)DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDpla
本文标题:高中英语名词性从句课件
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