1.0_水泵基础-ITT_水泵培训资料

PUMPSTheoryandapplication水泵基础将液体提升到一定高度的机械(将电能转化成机械能)水泵培训资料(一.1）WHATISAPUMP?水泵是甚麼?Definedas:..amachinetotransferafluid運送流體的機器按用途分:空调泵.消防泵,给水泵.潜水泵.排污泵等按结构分:•管道泵一般为立式单级泵,进出口处于水平面且相等•端吸泵,侧进上出•双吸泵(中开泵),侧进侧出•直联泵泵头与电机使用同一根轴承•长联轴器泵•潜水泵水泵分类1水泵分类2按介质分:•清水泵介质清水且无温度要求•热水泵介质清水温度要求90C•污水泵介质污水•油泵介质为油油温100C为热油泵•油分轻油和重油•我们的泵基本只能输送轻油•化工泵介质为酸碱等化工液体按材质分:铸铁泵.不锈钢泵.青铜泵.塑料泵等按级数分:单级泵.多级泵一.泵体,又称为泵头包括:泵壳,叶轮,机械密封，轴承•密封:材质为石墨/陶瓷/碳化钨(硅)•部分用途依然应该使用填料密封(如消防)二.电机,又称为马达三.其它部分如卧式长联轴器泵包括联轴器,底板等水泵组成CentrifugalImpellerTypes離心泵葉輪種類参数(1)流量(Q)单位时间内的出水量单位:吨/小时=T/h升/秒=L/s1T/h=3.6L/s(2)扬程(H)将液体提升的高度或出口的压力单位:米=M压力习惯用公斤表示1KG=1BAR=10M(3)液体介质分清水.热水.污水.油.其它化工液体,水泵只是一种习惯说法,不一定只输送水,尤其化工泵须知道液体PH值,浓度,比重,粘度等.(4)介质温度(5)承压(指水泵正常运行所能承受的最大压力)选型基本要素-1•转速(R)单位:RPM=转/分钟电机每分钟转得速度2900转电机习惯称为2级电机,1450转电机习惯称为4级电机空调泵多为噪音比较低的1450RPM,供水泵多为2900RPM•电压(T)通常分三相380伏3X380V单相220伏1X220V通常只有小型水泵才有220V.•水泵形式:立式或卧式材质要求:铸铁,不锈钢,青铜等是否具有自吸功能•其它重要参数功率(N)单位:KW通常指电机输出功率P2赫兹:国内为50HZ国外多为60HZ防护级:IP44/54/55/68密封级:B/B3/F**气蚀余量其他要素-1PUMPINGSYSTEMS“CAPACITY”水泵系統“流量”•Theamountofliquidflowingthroughapumpingsystemisknownasthecapacityorflowrate流量是液體流過水泵系統的量Typicalunitsused使用單位:•m3/horm3/s•l/sorl/min•g.p.m.•usg.p.m.PUMPINGSYSTEMS“CAPACITY”水泵系統“流量”PUMPINGSYSTEMS“STATICHEAD”靜揚程ThecomponentsofStaticheadaretheelevationbetween:-thesurfaceoftheliquidatthepointofsuctionandatthepointofdischarge靜揚程是液體於進水點及出水點之距离Staticheadalsoaccountsforthepressuredifferentialbetweenthepointofsuctionandthepointofdischarge靜揚程亦說明進水點與出水點之壓差Staticheaddoesnotvarywithcapacity靜揚程不會隨著流量而改變ITTFluidPUMPToLoadingRackDN80(3”)Pipe6m6m4.5m6m0.6m•Inthisexamplethestatichead(Hs)isequalto靜揚程等於:4.5+0.6-3=2.1mHsExample2例子2PUMPINGSYSTEMS“STATICHEAD”靜揚程PUMPINGSYSTEMS“DYNAMICHEAD”動揚程•Apumpmustovercometheresistanceofapumpingsysteminordertocausetheliquidtoflowcompletelythroughthesystem水泵需克服水泵系的阻力使液體流動•Resistancetoliquidflowisknownasapumpingsystem’sDynamicHead系統的動揚程就是對於液體流動的阻力Pump水泵Resistance阻力Head揚程ITTGroup•Dynamicheadlossesarethoselossesthatarerealisedoncefluidbeginstoflowthroughthepumpingsystem動揚程是當液體開始流動時系統的實際壓損•Dynamicheadlossesareafunctionofcapacity動揚程會隨著不同流量而變化3.5bar(50psi)2.1bar(30psi)PUMPINGSYSTEMS“DYNAMICHEAD”動揚程Atypicalfrictionlosstableforpipingillustratesfrictionlossesasafunctionofcapacity,pipediameter,pipelengthandviscosity磨損表顯示出磨損跟流量,管道直徑,管長及黏度的關係speedWater(viscosity=1cSt)speedLubricatingoilSAE40(viscosity=150cSt)PUMPINGSYSTEMS“FRICTIONHEADLOSSES”磨損ITTFluidPUMPINGSYSTEMS“FRICTIONHEADLOSSES”压損PUMPToLoadingRackDN80(3”)Pipe6m6m4.5m6m0.6m6mHsExample2Inthisexamplethefrictionlosses(Dp)isequalto磨損等於:Flow流量=800l/minTwoelbows90°(equivalentlength)2個相同長度90°彎頭=2x1.5=3.0mPipelosses管道損失=((6+6+4.5+6)+3.0)x(10/100)=2.55mLoadingracklosses負載損失=2.8mTotalfrictionlosses總磨損=2.55+2.8=5.35mPUMPINGSYSTEMS“TOTALDYNAMICHEAD”總揚程•Dynamicheadrepresentstheresistanceofapumpingsystemwhilethepumpedfluidisinmotion動揚程是液體流動之後系統的阻力•Staticheadistheresistanceofapumpingsystembeforetheliquidissetintomotion靜揚程是液體流動之前系統的阻力Nowwhatwehavetodo?•Thesystem’stotaldynamicheadissimply簡單地說:StaticHead靜揚程+DynamicHead動揚程=TotalDynamicHead總揚程PUMPINGSYSTEMS“TOTALDYNAMICHEAD”總揚程PUMPToLoadingRackDN80(3”)Pipe6m6m4.5m6m0.6m6m•Inthisexamplethetotaldynamichead(TDH)isequalto總揚程:Statichead靜揚程=2.1mDynamichead動揚程=5.35mTotaldynamichead總揚程=2.1+5.35=7.45mExample2PUMPINGSYSTEMS“TOTALDYNAMICHEAD”總揚程ITTFluidTechnology-CommercialProductsGroupPUMPINGSYSTEMS水泵系統–其他Itisagoodsystemdesigntoincludesuctionanddischargevalvesinthesystem.良好的系統應有進口及出口閘閥•Isolatingthepumpformaintenanceconsiderations以便維修•Adischargecheckvalvemayalsoberequiredinhighdischargeheadapplications(topreventwaterhammer)安裝止回閥以防水鎚現象•Usingthedischargevalveasathrottlingvalvetocontrolthepump使用出口閘閥控制水泵ITTFluidTechnology-CommercialProductsGroupPUMPINGSYSTEMS“SYSTEMCURVE”系統曲線•ASystemCurveisagraphicalrepresentationoftheresistancebehaviour(TDH)ofapumpingsystemoverit’sentirecapacityrange系統曲線是用來表示系統的總揚程跟流量的關係Asystemcurveshows系統曲線顯示出:-thestaticheadcomponent靜揚程(thisisconstantovertheentirecapacityrange這是一個不變值)-thedynamicheadcomponent動揚程(whichincreaseswithcapacity流量增加,動揚程增加)HeadCapacityStaticheadDynamicheadPlottedCurve051015202530354045030364248607284Capacitym3/hHeadm流量揚程畫上曲線CompositeCurves051015202530354045030364248607284Capacitym3/hHeadm流量揚程不同葉輪直徑的性能曲線EfficiencyCurve0102030405060708002530435468768387Capacitym3/hHeadm流量揚程效率曲線•Thebestefficiencypoint(BEP)isthehighestefficiencypointonthecurve最佳效率點是曲線圖上最高效率的工作點HeadCapacityF200(8”)F150(6”)52%62%56%65%•Centrifugalpumpcurvestypicallyshowhydraulicefficiencypoints離心泵性能曲線圖通常顯示出水力效率PUMPHYDRAULICS”CENTRIFUGALPUMPCURVE”水泵水力學“離心泵性能曲線”TypicalPerformanceCurve水泵性能曲線圖BestEfficiencyPoint最佳效率點P3P2P1PowerRequirements功率要求ITTPUMPHYDRAULICS“CENTRIFUGALPUMPCURVE”性能曲線圖Head揚程Capacity流量•Pumpcurvestypicallyshowthe“absorbedpower”(brakehorsepower)requiredtooperatethepumpatvariouspointsalongit’sHead-Capacitycurve水泵性能曲線顯示出在不同工作點上需要操作水泵的軸功率•Theabsorbedpowershownonthecurveisbasedonpumpingwater(specificgravity=1.0)曲線圖上的軸功率是基於水來計算的Q-HF200(8”)F150(6”)Q-PPowerinKw(bhp軸功率)PowerAbsorbedCurves軸功率曲線TypicalPerformanceCurve水泵性能曲線圖电动机功率的决定•全曲线不过载•工作点轴功率x1.15