硼及其硼化物的应用研究进展_杨细平

:(1983-),,,2006:2008-01-09杨细平,邱祖民(,　330029)　　　:,、、、,。　　:;;;　　:TQ128.1　　　　　:A　　　　　:1671-9905(2008)06-0022-05　　,,。,、、、、、,、、、、、[1];,、、、、、、、。,[2]。,。1　世界硼矿资源分布及生产发展状况1.1　[2～4],,。、、、,()———(),———3。,65%,。,29.8%;、、;。,、;;;;;。,,(B2O3)8.4%,(B2O3)6.1%,6%～7%。,、、、、。,,,,201074.05t。,,。1.2　,20061.7t,4.1t(1),,73%70%、、,(、)90%、。1　、/t200520064000800011511525004700141420090082651001000.30.2NANA594640022000.91NANA6.86NANA3340001000040406000150001701851700041000491475　:《MineralCommoditySummaries》　　Balikesir-Bigadic,Ku-tayhe-Emet,Eskisehir-KirkaBurse-Kestelek,37　620086　　　　　　　　　Technology&DevelopmentofChemicalIndustry　　　Vol.37　No.6Jun.200830%～40%(B2O3)。Etibank。、、,、、、。　　,RTZ———。,,,、,2(B2O3),,,、。Haris,250km3。3,、、,。　　,,。BoroquimicaSA,TincalayurCammo、。Quiborax,Lammpo。,、、、,。2　硼及其化合物的应用研究、、。,,,。2.1　2.1.1　、、、、,。(、、)。、(Al2O3、TiO2、B4C),CVD,TiB2(5μm)B4C[5]。H2SO4、H3PO4,,4[6]。2.1.2　[7],、,,,。2080,。,,[8],。2:,。,:(1),,;(2)SiO2,;(3),。,[9]-,。2.1.3　、、、、、、、。,;,,。、、、,、,,,,。、、[10],PVC、PE、、。,,[11]。2.1.4　,。,,236　　　　　　　　　　　:　　　　　　　　　　　　,:、、、、、。、、、、、,[12]。,,H2O2,,,。2.2　2.2.1　1983,。NdFeB,,,、,[13]。,、、、、IT[14],,,,,、,,、。NdFeB。,,“”[15],,,。,,、、、,[16]。2.2.2　20011J.Akimitsu[17]39KMgB2,6,[18]。MgB2。MgB2,,MgB2[19]。。、,,,“”,T=4.2K,Jc85000A·cm-2。[20]ZrMg0.9Zr0.1B2,Jc1.8×106A·cm-1(20K,)1.2×105A·cm-1(20K,2T)。,ZrMgB2,MgB2。C.B.Eom[21]SrTiO3MgB2,。4.2K,1T1MA·cm-2,10T105A·cm-2。H.M.Chrisfen[22],MgB2。I.Loa[23]。2.2.3　。,58280kJ·kg-1,2.31.9,,136.38kJ·cm-1,3.091.66。8000～12000N·(s·kg)-1,3～7,1.6[24]。,,,,[25]。,,,:(1)[26];(2)AP、KP、LiF、GAP,[27];(3)()AP/KP[28];(4)[29];(5)FK,24　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　37[30]。2.2.4　2,22。,、、,。—、、、,、,、,、、。—,、、。、、、、,,、、,Al2O3ZrB2[31]、ZrO2ZrB2[32]、LaB6ZrB2[33];ZrB2SiC[34]、B4C、Si3N4[35]ZrB2、。,。,,。。,,,,。,、、、、、、、、[36]。、,、。,,、[37～38]。TjongS.C.[39],,180MPa,8.5GPa,Izod112J·m-1,、、。,,,20%,70GPa105GPa,50%;250MPa280MPa,12%[40]。3　结语,,。,。,。,,,。,,,,。:[1]　.[J].IM&P,1999,(8):21.[2]　,,,.[J].,2006,20(6):1-4.[3]　,,,.[J].,2000,3(6):34-36.[4]　.[J].IM&P,2002,(9):37.[5]　PlumbR.S.etal.Wear,1978,46:219-229.[6]　ZollnerH.,Durferrittechnicalliterature,Degussa,Post-fach602,D-6450,Hanau-1,FeddralRepublicofGer-many.[7]　,.[J].,1995,(4):7-9.[8]　,.[J].,1994,(3):15.[9]　,,.—[J].,2000,1(2):26-28.[10]　.[J].,2001,30(4):32-34.[11]　,,,.、[J].,2000,20(3):8-10.[12]　,.[J].,2004,32(4):791-792.[13]　.[J].,2001,29(4):39-40.[14]　LiY,EvansHE,HarrisIR,etal.Theoxidationof256　　　　　　　　　　　:　　　　　　　　　　　　NdFeBmagnets[J].TheoxidationofNdFeBmagnets,2003,59:167.[15]　,.[J].,2003,1(3):24-26.[16]　,,.Nd-Fe-B[J].,2005,57(4):39-42.[17]　JunNagamatsu,NorimasaNakagawa.Superconductivityat39Kinmagnesiumdibofide[J].Nature,2001,410:63-64.[18]　,,.MgB2[J].,2003,21(1):104-108.[19]　,.MgB2[J].,2003,17(10):27-28.[20]　,,,.MgB2[J].,2005,5(11):819-822.[21]　C.B.Eon,M.K.Lee,etal.highcriticalcurrentdensityandenhancedirreversibilityfieldinsuperconductingMgB2thinfilms.[J].Nature,2001,411:558.[22]　H.M.Christen,H.Y.Zhai.Superconductingmagne-siumdibofidefilmswithTc≈24Kgrownbypulsedlaserdepisitionwithinsituannedl[J].PhysC,2001,353:157-161.[23]　I.Loa,K.Syassen.CalculatedelasticandelectronicpropertiesofMgB2athighpressures[J].Sol.Sta.Com,2001,118:279.[24]　ShyuIM,LiuTK.CombustioncharacteristicsofGAP-coatedboronparticlesandthefuelRichSolidPro-pellant[J].Combustionandflame,1995,100(4):634-644.[25]　,,,.[J].,2005,2(4):178-183.[26]　TsujikadoN.ISABE83-7000,1983.[27]　LiuTaiKang,etal.Effectofboronparticlesurfacecoatingoncombustionofsolidpropellantsforductedrockets[J].Propellants,Explosives,Pyrotechnics,1991,16(4):156-166.[28]　,,,.[J].,2005,(1):48-53.[29]　VigotC,etal.In:KuoK.K.Combustionofboron-basedsolidpropellantsandsolidfuels[M].BocaRaton:CRCPress,1993.[30]　Tai-KangLiu.Effectoffluorinatedgraphiteoncombus-tionofboronandboron-basedfuel-richpropellants[J].JournalofPropulsionandPower,1996,12(1).[31]　StefanPostrach,JurgenPotschke.PressurelesssinteringofA12O3containingupto20vol%zirconiumdiboride(ZrB2)[J].EuropeanCeramicSociety,2000,20:1459.[32]　BasuB,VleugelsJ,VanDerBiestO.DevelopmentofZrO2ZrB2composites[J].AlloysandComposites,2002,334:200.[33]　ChenChangming,ZhangLT,ZhouWC,etal.Mi-crostructure,mechanicalperformanceandoxidationmechanismofborideinsitucomposites[J].CompositesScienceandTechnology,2001,61:971.[34]　CeciliaBartley,TeodoroValente,MarioTului.PlasmaspraydepositionandhightemperaturecharacterizationofZrB2SiCprotectivecoatings[J].SurfaceandCoat-ingsTechnology,2002,155:260.[35]　,.ZrO2ZrB2[J].,1990,18(1):54.[36]　PerssonAL,BertilessonH.Viscositydifferenceasdis-tributingfactorinselectiveabsorptionofalumiumboratewhiskersinimmisciblepolymerblends[J].Polymer,1998,39(23):5633.[37]　HockinHKXu,JanetBQuinn,douglasTSmith.Ef-fectsofdifferentwhiskersonthereinforcementofdentalresincomposites[J].DentalMaterials,2003,19:359.[38]　GarnierV,FantozziG,NguyenD.InfluenceofSiCwhiskermorphologyandnatureofSiC/Al2O3interfaceonthermomechanicalpropertiesofSiCreinforcedAl2O3composites[J].EurCeramSoc,2005,25:3485.[39]　TjongSC,MengYZ.J.ApplPolymSci.,1999,72:501.[40]　,,,.[J].,2003,35(4):11.ApplicationandResearchDevelopmentofBoronandBorideYANGXi-ping,QIUZu-min(SchoolofEnvironmentalSciencean