定语从句 (介词+关系代词)

定语从句:由关系代词____________________________或关系副词________________引导的句子用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词的从句,起着定语的作用.定语从句所修饰的词叫做________;定语从句跟在先行词的后面.构成方式:____________________________.关系代词或副词的三重功能:连接主从句;指代先行词;在从句中作句子成分.that,which,who,whom,whosewhere,when,why先行词关系代词或副词＋陈述语序TheAttributiveClauseinthetextonP34ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.主干句：Thetimewasaverydifficultperiodofme.when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。Iwillneverforgettheday_____Ireachedhere.MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.when介词+whom/which,不能用thatPara1TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytowyearswasthreekilometersaway.主干句：Theschoolwasthreekilometersaway.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。关系副词=介词+关系代词Theplace______Jiangjieshionceusedtolivedhasbecomeaplaceofinterest.However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.Para2where=inwhichThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.(Para3)Therewasatime_____adeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.Wehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.(Para4)TheUSAisalargecountry_____manydifferentdialectsarespoken=onwhichwhenwhere=inwhichTheycouldnotgetthejobstheywanted.Theycouldnotgetthejobs(which/that)theywanted.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.TheplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.作宾语Para5=where=inwhichTheplaces_____________theyhadtoliveinweredecidedbythewhite.Theplacesin________theyhadtoliveweredecidedbythewhite.(which/that)whichPara6Wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.先行词是position,situation,point,case,condition等时在定语从句中作状语用关系副词where连接.Sometimeswefindasituation______moststudentscanrememberwordsandexpressionswellbutcan’twriteagoodcomposition.wherewhereWefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwaspeaceful.Idon’tliketheway＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿hetalks.Theway＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿hethoughtoftosolvetheproblemwasverygood.作主语that(that/inwhich)作状语(that/which)作宾语Thereason____hisabsenceisthatheisill.Thereason_____heisabsentisthatheisill.why指原因，在从句中作原因状语。关系副词:when,where,why(1)when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。(2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。(3)why的先行词只有reason，why在从句中作原因状语。关系副词=介词+关系代词forwhy=forwhich关系副词whereThisisthehouse(which/that)heusedtolivein.Thisisthehouseinwhich/whereheusedtolive.Iknowofaplace(which/that)wecanswimin.Iknowofaplaceinwhich/wherewecanswim.试比较：Theplace____________wevisitedyesterdayisaschoolfordisabledchildren.Theplace______JiangJieshionceusedtolivedhasbecomeaplaceofinterest.(which/that)where/inwhichThey’llneverforgetJuly1_____HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.Thedays______weusedforeignoilaregoneforever.关系副词whenTherewasatime_____thebusinessmanlostheart.when=onwhichwhen=onwhichwhen试比较：Doyoustillremembertheday___________wespenthappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday______wespentourholidayhappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday______wewenttovisittheSummerPalace?(which/that)whenwhen先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语，用why，这时一般可以用for＋which来代替:Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidit.Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasfiredwasnotclear.试比较：Thereason____________heexplainedtotheteacherisnottrue.Thereason___________wasexplainedtotheteacherisnottrue.(which/that)（作宾语）which/that（作主语）Thisisthedate___________we’reproudof.Thisisthedate________________hewasborn.Iwillneverforgetthetime__________wespenttogether.Thisisthefactory_____________mymotherworks.Thisisthefactory__________wevisitedlastweek.(which/that)when/onwhich(which/that)where/inwhich(which/that)Isthistheschool_____________wevisitedyesterday?Isthisschool________________wevisitedyesterday?Isthisschool____________wevisitedyesterdayverymodern?---Thisschool________wevisitedyesterdayisverymodern.Isthislab________________wedidtheexperimentyesterday?---Thislabis_____________wedidtheexperimentyesterday.(which/that)theonewhich/thattheonewhere(which/that)which/thattheonewhere•Heisoneofthestudentswho______it.•Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_______it.(believe)•Those_______(want)togotothecinemapleasesignyournamehere.•Anyone__________togotothecinemapleasesighyournamehere.believebelieveswhowantwhowantsas,which的比较a.在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语．如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用Theyfailedintheexam,as/whichisnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as/whichinfactsheis.b.如从句在主句之前，用asAsweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthiswar.Asisknowntoall,theearthtravelsaroundthesun.c.如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有＂正如．．．＂＂就象．．．＂之意时，用asWewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.正如:Aseveryoneknows,asyoumaystillremember,asyousaid,asIcansee,ashasbeenmentionedabove,asyoumayhaveheard/told/expected.用来引导非限制性定语从句，用来指待一件事，这时它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。d.当先行项被thesame,such,so修饰时，用asThisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.(同类不同一本书)比较:Thisisthesamebookthatyouboughtyesterday.(同一本书)Don’tbelieveinsuchmenaspraiseyoutoyourface.Inevergivemystudentssodifficultaquestionasnoonecanworkout.比较:Thisissodifficultaquestionthatnoonecanworkitout.（定语从句）（状语从句）Choosethebestanswers1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,____broughtherheartintohermouth.(NMET91)A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldtu