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第16讲特殊句式例①Ifyouhaveajob,______yourselftoitandfinallyyou'llsucceed.(2010四川卷)A.dodevoteB.don'tdevoteC.devotingD.notdevoting[解析]考查谓语动词的强调及“祈使句+and+将来时句子”的固定搭配。句意为:“如果你有了一份工作,付出努力去做它,最后你定能成功。”A例②Johnopenedthedoor.There______hehadneverseenbefore.(2010陕西卷)A.agirldidstandB.agirlstoodC.didagirlstandD.stoodagirl[解析]考查特殊句式。here,there,thus,then等副词位于句首,且当句子的主语是名词时,句子用全部倒装。D例③Notuntilhelefthishome______toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.(2010江西卷)A.didhebeginB.hadhebegunC.hebeganD.hehadbegun[解析]notuntil放在句首要用部分倒装,可还原为正常语序:Hedidn'tbegintoknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhimuntilhelefthishome.A例④Johnplaysbasketballwell,______hisfavoritesportisbadminton.(2009北京卷)A.soB.orC.yetD.for[解析]表示轻微转折,yet意为:可是,然而;可与though/although连用。句。C例⑤It'sthefirsttimethathehasbeentoAustralia,______?(2009辽宁卷)A.isn'theB.hasn'theC.isn'titD.hasn'tit[解析]在主从复合句中,反意疑问句部分以主句为准。C这种句型中,祈使句通常表示一种条件,祈使句和陈述句之间的连词常常是命题的热点。其连词分两类。1.and,then,andthen意思是“就,那么,才”,表示按照祈使句说的去做,会产生顺应的结果。2.or,orelse,otherwise意思是“否则,要不,不然的话”,表示不按照祈使句说的去做,则会产生相反的结果。“祈使句+陈述句”句型Comeearly,andyou'llcatchthefirstbus.→Ifyoucomeearly,you'llcatchthefirstbus.→Comingearly,you'llcatchthefirstbus.→Comeearly,oryouwon'tcatchthefirstbus.“祈使句+陈述句”句型and表示顺承;while表示对比;but/yet表示转折;for/so表示因果;or/either…or…表示选择。例:I'dbettertakeanumbrella,foritisgoingtorain.并列连词1.反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un,im,in,dis等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义,问句部分用否定形式。例:Yourfatherisunhappy,isn'the?(不能用ishe?)2.“否定陈述句+简略肯定问句”这种反义疑问句,在进行回答时,一定要注意答语前后要一致,尤其注意汉语的翻译。反意疑问句例:—Hedidn'tcometothepartylastnight,didhe?—Yes,hedid.(不,他来参加晚会了。相当于Yes,hecametothepartylastnight.)—No,hedidn't.(是,他没有来参加晚会。相当于No,hedidn'tcometothepartylastnight.)反意疑问句3.陈述部分用must(may,might)+have+V.ed表示推测时,若句中带有明显的过去时间状语,问句部分动词用过去时形式。陈述部分用must(may,might)+have+V.ed表示推测时,若句中没有过去时间状语,问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。Hemighthaveforgottenhispenintheclassroomyesterday,didn'the?(不用mightn'the?/hasn'the?)Youmusthaveworkedthereayearago,didn'tyou?(不用mustn'tyou?/haven'tyou?)反意疑问句省略句1.在when,while,if,asif,though(或although),as,until,once,whether,unless,where等连词连接的状语从句中,常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。When(wateris)pure,waterisacolorlessliquid.Errors,if(thereare)any,shouldbecorrected.2.代替性省略:“so”可代替某些动词后的宾语从句,但绝不能用it或that。这些常用的动词有believe,beafraid,expect,hope,imagine,suppose,省略句I'msure等;not代替的是否定意义的宾语从句。但是I'mafraid,Ihope,I'msure后跟否定的宾语从句时,只有一种形式,即I'mafraidnot,Ihopenot,I'msurenot.而Iexpect/imagine/suppose/think的否定式有两种,即Iexpect/imagine/suppose/thinknot或Idon'timagine/suppose/thinkso.—CanEmilydothiswork?—Ithinkso.—Ithinknot(Idon'tthinkso.)倒装句1.完全倒装将谓语动词直接提到主语前。常见情况有:(1)表方位的副词here,there或out,in,up,down,away,off等标志词放在句首;(2)地点状语+谓语+主语;此时,地点状语为标志词;(3)Therebe/lie/exist/stand/live/appear/remain…+主语+……(therebe句型);(4)表语+系动词+主语。倒装句2.部分倒装将情态动词、助动词、be动词提到主语前。通常可以还原为正常的语序,并以此检验倒装句是否正确。助动词的选择也是考查的内容之一,通过还原才能确定最佳的时态,以此来确定正确的助动词。常见情况有:(1)only+状语(或状语从句)为标志词放在句首时;(2)含有否定意义的副词为标志词放在句首时;倒装句(3)结果状语从句把“so+形容词/副词”放在句首或者“such+形容词+名词”放在句首,则主句的谓语动词要部分倒装;that从句不变;(4)so/neither/nor为标志词放在句首时;①表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物。句式如下:so+be或助动词或情态动词,主语。倒装句②表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一人或物。句式如下:neither(nor)+be或助动词/情态动词,主语。(5)虚拟条件句省略if时,将标志词had,should,were放在句首。倒装句3.其他形式的倒装实际上主谓语序不变,但状语或表语提前到句首,实质上是句子的部分成分前置。具体表现为:(1)标志词as:“尽管/虽然”句式。①表语(形容词/名词)+as/though+主语+系动词,主句。注意:名词前不加任何冠词。②副词+as/though+主语+谓语动词,主句。③动词原形+as/though+主语+might/may,主句。倒装句(2)Nomatterhow/However+形容词/副词+主语+谓语,主句。(3)how和what引起的感叹句。①How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语;②What+形容词+名词+主语+谓语。①Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers,seldom,______,refusingthemwhentheyturntohim.A.ifneverB.ifeverC.ifnotD.ifany[解析]ifever表示“如果曾经发生过”,意思为“如果有(这种行为)的话”;ifany表示“如果有(某样东西)的话”。B②Interestinglyinsomepartsoftheworld,womenareexpectedtoearnmoney______menworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.A.butB.thoughC.becauseD.while[解析]while仅表示前后两个句子的对比转折。D③—DoyouthinkBobwillattendthemeetingthisafternoon?—______.A.IhopenotB.Idon'thopesoC.Idon'tthinkitD.Ihopehewould[解析]not代替否定的整个宾语从句;Ihope不可能出现否定前置的情况,所以Idon'thopeso是错误的。A④Weallknowthat,______,thesituationwillgetworse.A.notifdealtcarefullywithB.notifcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.ifnotcarefullydealtwith[解析]考查状语从句的省略;ifnotcarefullydealtwith=ifthesituationisnotcarefullydealtwith。D⑤Only______intheevening______inthelivingroom.A.whendidhisfathercomeback;hestoppedplayinggamesB.whenhisfathercameback;hestoppedplayinggamesC.whendidhisfathercomeback;didhestoppedplayinggamesD.whenhisfathercameback;didhestopplayinggamesD[解析]only+状语(或状语从句)放在句首,句子用部分倒装。即状语从句是不倒装的。
本文标题:高三英语第二轮语法专题复习16
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