新视野大学英语第三版第二册Unit5课文语法讲解

新视野三版读写B2U5TextASpendorsave—Thestudent'sdilemma1DoyoufeelasconfusedandmanipulatedasIdowiththisquestion,ShouldIspendorshouldIsave?Ithinkthatthemessageswegetfromourenvironmentseemtodefycommonsenseandcontradicteachother.Thegovernmenttelsustospendorwe'lnevergetoutoftherecession.Atthesametime,theytelusthatunlesswesavemore,ourcountryisingravedanger.Banksofferhigherinterestratessoweincreasesavings.Thenthesamebankssenduscreditcardofferssowecanspendmore.2Here'sanotherfamiliarexample:Ifwedon'tpayourcreditcardbilontime,wegetdemanding,nastyemailsfromthecreditcardcompanysayingsomethinglike:Yourfailuretopayisunacceptable.Payimmediatelyoryou'lbeintrouble!Then,assoonaswepay,wegetafolow-upemailinacharmingtonetelingushowvaluableacustomerweareandencouragingustoresumespending.Whichdepictioniscorrect:afailingconsumerintroubleoravaluedcustomer?Thegapbetweenthesetwomessagesisenormous.3Theparadoxisthateverydaywegettwosetsofmessagesatoddswitheachother.Oneisthepermissiveperspective,Buy,spend,getitnow.Youneedthis!Theotherwecouldcalanuprightmessage,whichurgesus,Workhardandsave.Suspendyourdesires.Avoidluxuries.Controlyourappetiteformorethanyoutrulyneed.Thismessagecomestousfrommanysources:fromschool,fromparents,evenfrompoliticalfiguresreferringtotraditionalvalues.Hardwork,familyloyalty,andthecapacitytopostponedesiresarecoreAmericanvaluesthathavemadeourcountrygreat.*4Buttheoppositemessage,advertising'spermissivemessage,isinescapable.Thoughsometimesdisguised,themessagesareeverywherewelook:onTV,inmoviesonprintedmediaandroadsigns,instores,andonbuses,trainsandsubways.Advertisementsinvadeourdailylives.Weareconstantlysurroundedbythemessagetospend,spend,spend.Someonerecentlysaid,Theonlytimeyoucanescapeadvertisingiswhenyou'reinyourbedasleep!5It'sbeencalculatedthatbytheageof18,theaverageAmericanwilhaveseen600,000ads;bytheageof40,thetotalisalmostonemilion.Eachadvertisementisdoingitsutmosttoinfluenceourdiversebuyingdecisions,fromthebreakfastcerealweeattowhichcruiselinewewiluseforourvacation.Thereisnoshortageofideasandthingstobuy!Now,ofcourse,wedon'trememberexactlywhattheproductswere,buttheessentialmessageiscementedintoourconsciousness,It'sgoodtosatisfyyourdesires.Youshouldhavewhatyouwant.Youdeservethebest.So,youshouldbuyit—now!Afamousadvertisementsaiditperfectly,Iloveme.I'magoodfriendtomyself.Idowhatmakesmefeelgood.Iderivepleasurefromnicethingsandfeelnourishedbythem.Iusedtoputthingsoff.Notanymore.TodayI'lbuynewskiequipment,lookatnewcompactcars,andbuythatcameraI'vealwayswanted.Ilivemydreamstoday,nottomorrow.6Whathappensaswetakeinthesecontradictorybutexplicitmessages?Whatarethepsychologicalandsocialconsequencesofthiscampaigntocontrolourspendinghabits?Ononehand,wewantmorethingsbecausewewanttosatisfyourmaterialappetite.Mostofusderivepleasurefromtreatingourselves.Ontheotherhand,alittlevoiceinsideusechoesthoseuprightmessages:Watchout,takestockofyourlife,don'tletyourattentiongetscattered.Postponeyourdesires.Don'tfalintodebt.Wait!Retaincontroloveryourownlife.Itwilmakeyoustronger.7Anyway,manyoftheskilsyouneedasasuccessfulstudentcanbeappliedtoyourfinances.Consideryourfinancialwel-beingsakeyingredientofyouruniversityeducationasmoneyworriesareextremelystressfulanddistracting.Theycanmakeyoufeelterribleandhinderyourabilitytofocusonyourprimeobjective:successfulycompletingyoureducation.*8Howcanyoubeasmartandeducatedconsumer?Manyschools,communityorganizations,andevensomebanksofferfinancialliteracyclasses.Considerconsultingwithyourschool'sfinancialaidofficeorseekinputfromyourparentsorotherrespectedadultsinsettingupabudget.Anadditionaloptionisfindingapartnertohelpyoustayontrackandfindpleasureintheadministrationofyourownfinancialaffairs.Mostimportantly,ifyoufindyourselfgettingintofinancialtrouble,don'tletyouregogetinyourway;urgentlygethelpwithtacklingyourproblembeforeitspinsoutofcontrolandlandsyouinlegaltroubles.9Althiswilhelpyoubecomeaneducatedconsumerandsaver.Asyoulearntobalancespendingandsaving,youwilbecomethecaptainofyourownship,steeringyourlifeinasuccessfulandproductivedirectionthroughthechoppywaters.LanguagePoints：1DoyoufeelasconfusedandmanipulatedasIdowiththisquestion,“ShouldIspendorshouldIsave?”(Para.1)Meaning:Whenaskingyourselfwhetheryoushouldspendorsave,doyoufeelpuzzledandcontroledasIdo?Meaningbeyondwords:Accordingtotheconventionalconcept,wearethemasterorthebossofthemoneywehaveearned.Itisuptoustodecidehowtouseourmoney.However,thesentencegivesusthehintthatweareactualynolongerincontrolofourmoney.2Ithinkthatthemessageswegetfromourenvironmentseemtodefycommonsenseandcontradicteachother.(Para.1)Meaning:Inmyopinion,themessageswegetinourdailylifeaboutthequestion“ShouldIspendorshouldIsave?”areagainstcommonsenseandtheyoftendon’tagreewitheachother.Usagenote:defy,denydefy和deny都是及物动词，词形相近，但实际上两者词义有别，用法也不同。1defy主要表示“违抗；反抗；蔑视”，后接名词；而deny主要表示“否认；拒绝承认”，后接名词或that引导的从句。*Nearly11thousandpeoplehavebeenarrestedfordefyingthebanonstreettrading.近一万一千人因违抗在街上交易的禁令而被捕。Thegovernmenthasdeniedthattheauthoritieshaveuncoveredaplottoassassinatethe*president.政府已否认当局发现了一个暗杀总统的阴谋。2defy后接动词不定式表示