高级英语第二册unit-4

Unit4JohnFitzgeraldKennedy(1917-1963)35thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesFamilyBackgroundKennedy’sancestorscamefromIrelandandhewasthefirstRomanCatholictobecomepresidentoftheU.S.HewasbornonMay29,1917inBrookline,Massachusetts,wherehisgrandfatherhadbeenelectedtomanyoffices.HisfatherJosephP.Kennedybecametheyoungestbankpresidentofthecountryattheageof25.OnSeptember12,1953,KennedyandJacquelineBouvierweremarried.Theyhadthreechildren.HewroteProfilesinCourage,《勇敢者传略》whichwonaPulitzerprize.1947-1952servedasrepresentativeinthecongress1952electedtothesenate1960wontheDemocraticnominationforpresidentanddefeatedRichardNixon,RepublicanAssassinationHisassassinationatDallasinNovember1963wasashockfromwhichtheU.S.hasfoundithardtorecoverandthemurderisstillariddle.In1963,KennedyjourneyedtoTexasforaspeech-makingtour.onNovember22,heandhiswifewerecheeredastheiropencarpassedthroughthestreets.Suddenly,at12:30intheafternoon,anassassinfiredseveralshots,strikingthepresidenttwiceinthebaseoftheneckandthehead.KennedywasrushedtoHospital,wherehewaspronounceddeadaboutahalfhourlater.Withintwohours,VicepresidentJohnsontooktheoathaspresident.Contributions1.HismostimportantactwashissuccessfuldemandonOct.22,1962thattheSovietUniondismantleitsmissilebasesinCuba.2.Heestablishedaquarantine(隔离检疫期)ofarmsshipmentstoCuba3.HedefiedSovietattemptstoforcetheAlliesoutofBerlin.4.Hemadethesteelindustryrescind(废除)apricerise.5.Hebacked:civilrightsmovements;amentalhealthprogram;arbitrationofrailroaddisputes;expandedmedicalcarefortheaged;astronautflightsandsatelliteorbitingLincolnandKennedyAbrahamLincolnwaselectedtoCongressin1846.JohnF.KennedywaselectedtoCongressin1946.AbrahamLincolnwaselectedPresidentin1860.JohnF.KennedywaselectedPresidentin1960.ThenamesLincolnandKennedyeachcontainsevenletters.Bothwereparticularlyconcernedwithcivilrights.BothwiveslosttheirchildrenwhilelivingintheWhiteHouse.BothPresidentswereshotonaFriday.shotinthehead.Lincoln’ssecretarywasnamedKennedy.Kennedy’ssecretarywasnamedLincoln.BothwereassassinatedbySoutherners.BothweresucceededbySoutherners.BothsuccessorswerenamedJohnson.AndrewJohnson,whosucceededLincoln,wasbornin1808.LyndonJohnson,whosucceededKennedy,wasbornin1908.JohnWilkesBooth,accusedofassassinatingLincoln,wasbornin1839.LeeHarveyOswald,accusedofassassinatingKennedy,wasbornin1939.BothnamescomprisefifteenlettersInaugurationDayOnApril30,1789,GeorgeWashingtonsteppedontoabalconyofFederalHallinNewYorkCity,placedhishandonaBibleandsworeto“preserve,protestanddefendtheconstitutionoftheUnitedStates”.Hethenreadanearnestspeech,callingfor“unitedandeffectivegovernment”.ThusbeganauniqueAmericaninstitution—InaugurationDay—thosedramatichourswhenanewpresidentfacesthepeopleforthefirsttime.Hemusttellthepeoplewhathe’sgoingtodoaspresident.TheInaugurationDayhasbeenonJanuary20since1937.InauguralAddressMemorablewordshavebeenutteredininauguraladdress.Itisaspeech,lectureofficiallymadebyapersonontakingoffice.GeneralAnalysisofaPoliticalSpeechThepurposeofapoliticalspeechistoexplain,convinceandpersuadethepeoplethatwhatheissayingandplanningtodobestrepresentstheirinterestssotheyshouldsupporthim.1.Hemusttryeverypossiblemeanstoarousethefeelingsofaudience.Whathesaysrepresentstheinterestsofthewholepeople.successfulappealtotheemotionoftheaudience2.specificpolicyThespeechmustcontainhigh-soundingwordsandemptypromises3.Thespeechmustbeconciseandshort4.clever-choiceofwordstoconveydifferentmeanings/tones.5.theuseofbiblicalstyletomakeitformal/rigid.6.theuseofalotofrhetoricaldevicestomakehisaddressaspowerful/impressiveaspossibleAsPresidentoftheUnitedStates,Kennedyhastoaddressaworldwideaudience.HehastoappealnotonlytotheAmericanpeoplebutalsotothedifferentgroupsofnationsintheinternationalcommunitySocialBackgroundKennedybecamePresidentin1960’sColdwarmarksthesituationin1960’s.Theworldismainlydividedintotwohostilecamps.1)socialistcamp—headedbytheSovietUnion2)capitalistcamp—headedbytheU.S.Kennedywasaneloquentspeaker.Heisspeciallytrained.Thisspeechisverypowerfulandwonderful.Helayshisemphasisonthesuccessfulappealtotheemotionofthelisteners.Infact,mostAmericansregardhisinauguraladdressasoneofthebestdeliverybyanAmericanPresident.SectionI(paras.1-5)Introduction,thegeneralstatementofthebasicpolicyoftheUSSectionII(paras.6-10)Headdressesdifferentgroupsofalliednationsandwould-bealliednations;friendsandwould-befriends.SectionIII(paras.11-20)Hisspecificpolicytowardtheenemy.1.pointoutthedanger2.pointouthepositionofstrength3.pointoutthesituationandneed.Bothsidesfeeluneasy.a)Bothsidesareoverburdenedwiththecostofmodernweapons.b)Bothsidesareanxiouswiththewidespreadarms.c)Bothtrytochangetheuncertainbalanceofmilitarypower.Proposals:1.controlarms2.usescienceforpeacepurpose3.enjoyhumanrightsObject:tomakeanewworldorderSectionIV(paras.21-27)conclusionHecallsontheAmericanstosupporthimandtosacrificetheirlivesfortheircountry.HecallsonthepeopleofthewholeworldtounitandworkforthefreedomofmenDetailedStudyoftheTextPara.1:Kennedyisemphasizingtheimportanceofhiselectionaspresident.ItisnotsimplyavictoryoftheD