仁爱版英语中考常考知识点整理[1]

1中考知识点整理人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirse.g.you----your----yourself(yourselves)(反身代词)主格作主语，宾格作宾语their(形容词性物主代词)+n.=theirs(名词性物主代词)*冠词+n.不定冠词：a/an(用于元音前)定冠词：the*名词（作主语）可数名词：单数/复数（+s,+es…）不可数名词：water,bread,fish…*名词变复数以–sh,-ch,-s,-x结尾的词，变复数+es以–o结尾的词，变复数+es:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes(黑人，土豆，西红柿)，其余以–o结尾的词+s以–f,-fe结尾的词，f或fe改v+es:wife----wives不规则名词变化：child----childrenwoman----womenman----mentooth----teeth当性别+职业时，两个名词同时都变复数：womenteachers,mendoctors*名词所有格-’s/-s’ateacher’steachers’children’s*“—”连字符的作用相当于名词所有格three-week=threeweeks’*动词（作谓语）be动词：am/is/are,was/were实义动词：like,run,…助动词：do/does/did,have/has+done情态动词：can/could,will/would,need,dare,must,should,have/hasto,may*情态动词can表能力----can’t/cannot/cannotmay表可能should表应该：shouldn’tbeallowed不应该被允许must表必须----mustn’t表禁止need表必要----needn’t表没必要=don’thaveto(为对Must…?问句的否定回答)e.g.--MustI…?--No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.dare表敢于will表意愿----willnot=won’t所有情态动词后面所跟的动词都用原形do的形式*使役动词(使/让某人做某事)Letsb.dosth.makesb.dosth./bemadetodosthgetsb.todosth.*不定代词some+thing/body/one,any+thing/body/one不定代词+todo不定代词+adj.(形容词后置)：somethingdifferent*基数词和序数词基数词：one,two,three,four,five…序数词：first,second,third,fourth,fifth/twelfth(以-ve结尾，去-ve改-f加-th),eighth,ninth,twentieth(整十的数，去-y改-ie加-th)*分数表达法1/4：onefourth;2/3：twothirds*数量表达法数字+ten/hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数tens/hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of+名词复数*祈使句以Don’t开头的都为祈使句*反义疑问句肯(be/情态动词/实义动词)，否(be/情态动词/助动词)？否(be/情态动词/实义动词，肯(be/情态动词/助动词)？祈使句的反义疑问句，后面用willyou?*以-ed结尾的形容词修饰人以-ing结尾的形容词修饰物*感叹句What+adj.+不可数名词宾格物主代词whomwhose主格who2How+adj.+(the+不可数名词+谓语动词)e.g.Whatdeliciousfoodwehadatyourbirthdayparty!=Howdeliciousthefoodwas!*比较级与最高级：good----better----besta.well----better----bestad.bad----worse----worsta.much/many----more----mostlittle----less----leastbusy----busier---busiest忙*比较级(用于比较两者事物)than用于比较级alot/much/alittle/even/far+比较级：farless远远少于e.g.Ofthetwocoats,she’dliketochoosethecheaperonetosavemoneyforabook.*最高级(用于比较三者或三者以上事物)oneof+最高级+可数名词复数*最高级、序数词+todo,如：thebesttodo,thefirsttodo*就近原则therebe句型notonly…but(also)…(不但…而且…)*就前原则with/togetherwith/aswellase.g.Iwithyouam(be)YouwithIare(be)*many+可数名词复数much+不可数名词*afew+可数名词复数(表肯定意思)/few+可数名词复数(表否定意思)alittle+不可数名词(表肯定意思)/little+不可数名词(表否定意思)*双宾语结构givesthtosb=givesbsthlendsthtosb=lendsbsth借出去borrowsthfromsb=borrowsbsth借进来teachsbsth*动词不定式todoordersb(not)todosth命令某人做某事asksb(not)todosth叫某人做某事tellsb(not)todosth告诉某人做某事encouragesb(not)todosth鼓励某人做某事try(not)todo尽力做某事hopetodo希望做某事expectsbtodo希望某人做某事wanttodosth想要做某事wouldliketodosth想要做某事feelinglikedoingsth想要做某事，喜欢做某事bemadetodosth被迫做某事*时间介词：on/in/aton+具体某一天/星期in+年/月/季节at+点钟*时间表示法past超过（6字之前）to差（6字之后）e.g.aquartertonine8:45aquarterpastnine9:15halfpastnine9:30ninetwenty-seven9:27=twenty-sevenpastnine9:27*that指代不可数名词e.g.TheweatherinFuzhouiswarmerthanthatinBeijing.(这里的that指代前面的weather,weather为不可数名词)*eachofthem=everyofthem每一个*也：also(用于肯定句句中)too(用于肯定句句末)either(用于否定句句末)*也是：so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语确实是：so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词*提建议：How/Whatabout+doing?…怎么样Whynotdo?=Whydon’tyou?你为什么不…?*see/hearsb.doingsth.(正在进行时)see/hearsb.dosth.(句中常出现often,usually,always…)*in+颜色e.g.Thegirl__A___pinkismyyoungsister,Susan.A.inB.wearsC.iswearing*Could/Wouldyou…?(委婉语气中，some不用改成any)*Look!/Listen!(用进行时态)*too(太)+adj.:toobig*What’sthematter(withyou)?=What’swrong?(怎么了)*It’stimetodosth=It’stimefor+n.*I’mafraid…(我恐怕…)I’mafraidso.我恐怕会这样。*-Howsoon…?–In…-Howfar…?–距离*ThankyoufordoingsthThankyouforsth*AbeproudofBA为B感到自豪BbetheprideofAB是A的骄傲*dieof死于内因diefrom死于外因*by的用法bybus乘坐…by在…旁边，到…为止：bythewindow在窗户边上by+doing通过…方式*every每一(三个或以上)each每一(两个，三个或以上)both两个都all全部(三个或以上)none没有(三个或以上)either二者择一：either…or…neither两者都不：neither…nor…*Summercomesafterspring.春去夏来。*enough+名词形容词+enough3*the+adj.表示一类人therich有钱人thepoor穷人*providesbwithsth提供某物给某人providesthforsb为某人提供某物*so+adj.+that…如此以至于such+adj.+that…如此以至于too…to…太…而不能…*ninemore=anothernine又九天，再九天otheradj.其他的othersn.其他人或物*Itis+adj.+(forsb)todosthItiskind/clever/niceofsbtodosth*allowdoing允许做某事allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事sbbeallowedtodosth某人被允许做某事*alone单独的；lonely孤独的stay/livealone;feel/belonely*at…age(在…年龄)at…speedof(以…速度)*beusedby+人(被某人使用)beusedfor+doing(被用来做…)beusedin(被使用在…方面)*四个花费主语↓pay人paid—paid:pay钱forsthspend人spent—spent:spend时间/钱onsthspend时间/钱(in)doingcost物cost—costtakeIt/物took—took:Ittakssb时间/钱todo*happentosb某人发生了什么事*beside在…旁边besides除…之外还有（+）except除…之外(—)*France法国French法语Frenchman/Frenchmen法国人*Withpleasure.很乐意（帮助前）It’smypleasure.不客气（帮助后）*what…dowith=how…dealwith如何处理whattodo=howtodoit怎么办*anumberof=alotof=many(大量)+谓语动词复数thenumberof（…的数量）+谓语动词单数*both…and…两者都either…or…二者择一netither…nor.…两者都不notAbutB不是A而是B*The+比较级，the+比较级（越…越…）Themore,thebetter.*if条件句If(如果，为从句)…,主句（主将从现）*when当…时while①当…时(必须用现在进行时)②表对比③表转折，虽然*宾语从句1.引导词(一个句子中只能有一个引导词，不能叠加)that无意义，用于肯定句，通常可省略if/whether是否，用于一般疑问句wh-特殊疑问词，用于特殊疑问句一般疑问句：Do/Does/Did/Are/Is/Am/Will/Have/Has/情态动词/…(一般疑问句用Yes/No来回答)特殊疑问句：Wh-…?What/Who/When/Where/Which/Why/How/Howmany/Howmuch/…2.语序：陈述语序，即引导词+主语+谓语在一般疑问句中，遇does，则去does+s遇did，则去did+ed遇do，则不变3.时态主句+引导词+从句↓↓一般现在时任何