食品专业术语

1食品工业基本术语Fundamentaltermsoffoodindustry2.1食品food2.1.1动物性食品foodofanimalorigin(animalfood)2.1.2植物性食品vegetablefood(plantfood)2.1.3传统食品traditionalfood2.1.4干制食品dehydratedfood2.1.5糖制食品confectionery2.1.6腌制品curingfood2.1.7烘焙食品bakery2.1.8熏制食品smokingfood2.1.9膨化食品puffedfood(extrudedfood)2.1.10速冻食品quick-frozenfood2.1.11罐藏食品cannedfood2.1.12方便食品convenientfood(fastfood,preparedfood,instantfood)2.1.13特殊营养食品foodofspecialnutrients2.1.13.1婴幼儿食品infantorbabyfood2.1.13.2强化食品nutrientfortifiedfood2.1.14天然食品naturalfood2.1.15摸拟食品imitationfood2.1.16预包装食品prepackagedfood2.2食品制造foodmanufacturing2.3食品加工foodprocessing2.4食品工业foodindustry2.5食品资源foodresource2.6食品新资源newresourceforfood2.7原料rawmaterial2.8配料ingredient2.8.1主料majoringredient(majormaterial)2.8.2辅料minoringredient2.8.3食品添加剂foodadditive2.8.4食品营养强化剂foodenrichment2.8.5加工助剂processingaid2.8.6酶enzyme2.9配料表listofingredients2.10配方formula2.11食品包装材料packagingmaterialforfood2.12食品包装容器foodcontainer2.13软包装flexiblepackage2.14硬包装rigidpackage2.15食品标签foodlabelling2.16保质期dateofminimumdurability2.17保存期use-bydate2.18食品质量foodquality2.19食品质量管理foodqualitycontrol2.20食品质量监督foodqualitysupervision2.21食品质量检验foodqualityinspection2.22食品卫生foodhygiene(foodsafety)2.23食品营养foodnutrition22.24食品成分foodcomposition2.25食品分析foodanalysis2.26食品工业标准化foodindustrystandardization2.27食品标准foodstandard2.27.1食品产品标准foodproductstandard2.27.2食品卫生标准foodhygienicstandard2.27.3食品厂卫生规范hygieniccodeoffoodfactory2.27.4食品分析方法标准foodanalysingstandardmethed2.28良好加工规范goodmanufacturingpractice(GMP)2.29危害分析关键控制点hazardanalysisandcriticalcontrolpoint(HACCP)2.30食品生产许可证foodproductionlicence2.31食品产品合格证foodproductqualification2.32食品卫生许可证foodhygienelicence2.33食品卫生合格证foodhygienequalification2.34食品工业副产品by-productoffoodindustry3.1粮食grain3.2粮食制品cerealproduct3.3肉制品meatproduct3.4食用油脂edibleoilandfat3.5食糖sugar3.6乳制品dairyproduct3.7水产品seafood3.8水果制品fruitproduct3.9蔬菜制品vegetableproduct3.10植物蛋白食品vegetableproteinfood3.11淀粉制品starch-basedproduct3.12蛋制品eggproduct3.13糕点pastry3.14糖果candy3.15调味品condiment(seasoning)3.16食用盐ediblesalt(foodgradesalt)3.17饮料酒alcoholicdrink3.18无酒精饮料non-alcoholicdrink（softdrink）3.19茶tea4.1原料清理rawmaterialhandling(rawmaterialcleaning)4.2原料预处理pretreatmentofrawmaterial4.3酸处理acidtreatment4.4硫处理sulphuringtreatment4.5碱处理alkalitreatment4.6粉碎grinding4.6.1破碎cracking(crushing)4.7打浆mashing4.8搅拌mixing4.9分离separation4.9.1离心分离centrifugalseparation4.9.2过滤filtration4.9.3膜分离membraneseparation4.10筛分screening(sifting)4.11沉降precipitation34.12浓缩concentration4.13蒸馏distillation4.13.1精馏rectification(distilling)4.14蒸发evaporation4.14.1闪蒸flashevaporation4.15离子交换ionexchange4.16吸附adsorption4.17吸收absorption4.18解吸deabsorption4.19干燥drying4.20脱水dehydration4.21复水rehydration4.22浸取extraction4.23压榨pressing4.24乳化emulsifying4.25均质homogenizing4.26发酵fermentation4.27酿造brewing4.28糊化gelatinization4.29凝沉retrogradation4.30液化liquifying(liquefaction)4.31糖化saccharification(conversion)4.32氢化hydrogenation4.33嫩化tenderization4.34软化softening4.35营养强化fortification(enrichment)4.36膨化extrusion(puffing)4.37精制refining4.37.1精炼refining4.38烘焙baking4.39熏制smoking4.40保鲜refreshment(refreshing)4.41冷藏coldstorage4.42冻藏frozenstorage4.43速冻quick-freezing4.44气调贮藏storageincontrolledatmosphere4.45干制保藏dryingpreservation(preservedbydehydration;dryingprocess)4.46腌制保藏curingpreservation(preservedbycuringprocess)4.46.1盐渍salting4.46.2酱渍saucing4.46.3糖渍sugaring4.46.4酸渍pickling4.46.5糟渍curedorpickledwithgermentedgrains4.47辐照保藏irradiationpreservation4.48化学保藏chemicalpreservation4.49成熟ripening4.50后熟maturation4.51灭菌sterilization4.51.1超高温瞬时灭菌ultrahightemperatureshorttimesterilization44.51.2商业无菌commercialsterilization4.52消毒disinfection4.52.1巴氏消毒pasteurization4.53接种inoculation4.54培菌cultivation4.55染菌microbiologicalcontamination（contamination）4.56食品包装foodpackaging（foodpacking，foodpackage）4.56.1真空包装vacuumpacking4.56.2充气包装gasflushpackaging（gaspacking）4.56.3无菌包装asepticpackaging（asepticpacking）5.1营养素nutrient5.2蛋白质protein5.2.1粗蛋白质crudeprotein5.2.2植物蛋白vegetableprotein5.2.3动物蛋白animalprotein5.3蛋白质营养学评价nutritionalevaluation5.4蛋白质变性proteindenaturation5.5蛋白质互补complementaryactionofprotein5.6氨基酸aminoacid5.6.1必需氨基酸essentialaminoacid5.7脂肪fat(oilandfat)5.7.1粗脂肪crudefat5.8脂肪酸fattyacid5.8.1饱和脂肪酸saturatedfattyacid5.8.2不饱和脂肪酸unsaturatedfattyacid5.9碳水化合物carbohydrate5.9.1有效碳水化合物effectivecarbohydrate5.9.2粗纤维crudefiber5.9.3膳食纤维dietaryfiber5.10矿物质mineralmatter5.11微量元素traceelement5.12维生素vitamin5.12.1脂溶性维生素liposolublevitamin(fatsolublevitamin)5.12.2水溶性维生素watersolublevitamin5.14每日推荐的营养素供给量(RDA)recommendeddailynutrientallowance5.15营养价值nutritionalvalue5.16水分moisturecontent5.17水分活度wateractivity5.18热量calorie5.19固形物solidcontent5.19.1可溶性固形物solublesolid5.19.2不溶性固形物insolublesolid5.20食品污染foodcontamination5.20.1生物性污染biologiccontamination5.20.2化学性污染chemicalcontamination5.20.3放射性污染radioactivecontamination5.21重金属heavymetal5.22微生物毒素microbialtoxin5.23农药残留residueofpesticide55.24兽药残留residueofveterinarydrug5.25食物中毒foodpoisoning5.26酸败rancidity5.27腐败spoilage5.28霉变mould5.29褐变browning5.30食物安全毒理学评价toxicologicalevaluationforfoodsafety5.30.1人体每日允许摄入量(ADI)acceptabledailyintake(ADI)5.31食品感官检验sensoryanaly