to-do用法

动词不定式（TheInfinitive）一.动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成，其否定式由not+不定式构成。肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.被动式：tobedone完成式：tohavedone三.动词不定式的功能动词不定式有名词，形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补、状语等成份。二.不定式的使用条件一个句子中，已经存在谓语,没有连词的情况下,有别的动词出现时，这些动词就可能用不定式的形式。动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补(1)作主语位置：不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。意义：不定式作主语多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it作形式主语，将todo放在谓语之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhourtogettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourdutytohelpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoymenttospendourholidayinthemountains.句型3：It’s+adj.for/ofsb.todosth.1)Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.2)Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.（adj.是形容事物的性质的）（adj.是形容人的品质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.＝Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.＝youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.(2)作宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.Heagreedtogetsomeonetohelpus.A:常见接不定式作宾语的动词有：decide/determine,learn,want,wish/hope/expect;决定学会想希望refuse,manage,care,pretend;拒绝设法愿假装offer,promise,choose,plan;主动答应选计划agree,ask/beg,help;同意请求帮一帮happen,intend,prepare;碰巧打算准备order,afford,fail命令能做未做的事can’twaitto/makeupone’smindto/usedto/want∕wouldliketodo迫不及待下决心做过去常常想做的事needtodosth.需要做某事beusedtodo被用来做B:疑问词+不定式作作动词（词组）tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,findout等的宾语时，不定式前常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who等，但why后加不带to的不定式，构成动词（词组）+疑问词+不定式的结构。注意：此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与句子的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从。•1)Hetaughtushowtousethetool.=Hetaughtushowheusedthetool.•2)Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.•3)Ihopeyou’lladvisemewhattodo.•4)Idon'tknowhowtogetthere.•5)Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.•6)Canyoutellmewhydoit?特殊词精讲:tododoingrememberforger(do在后)要做（do在前）做过stopgoon（两个字）两件事（一个字）一件事likehatelove一次性长期try尽力做尝试做startbegin一样一样1)stopdoing/todostoptodo停下来去做另一件事，stopdoing停止正在做的某事。Eg:他们停下来吸烟。Theystoptosmoke.我必须戒烟了Imuststopsmoking.2)forgetdoing/todoforgettodo忘记要去做某事，forgetdoing忘记做过某事。Eg：办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）Heforgotturningthelightoff.3)trydoing/todosth.trytodosth.努力,尽力做某事trydoingsth.试着做某事Althoughmathsisdifficult,Iwilltrytostudyit.Themachinecouldn’twork.Let’stryrepairingit.4)rememberdoing/todoremembertodo记得去做某事rememberdoing记得做过某事记着放学后去趟邮局。Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.你不记得以前见过那个人吗?Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?5)goondoing/todogoontodo做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，goondoing继续做原来做的事。Eg：做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Afterhehadfinishedhismaths，hewentontodohisphysics.做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习Goondoingotherexercisesafteryouhavefinishedthisone.1.Iforgot_____mynamewhenIfinished____thecomposition.A.tosign,towritingB.tosign,writingC.signing,writ2.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned3.Martinlookssowell.We’veneverseenhim____sowellbefore.A.islookedB.islookingC.tolookD.look4.Myfatherhasdecided______becausesmokingisbadforhishealth.A.tostoptosmokeB.tostopsmokingC.stoppingsmokingD.stoptosmoke5.Itiskind___metocarrythesebooks.A.ofyouhelpingB.foryoutohelpC.ofyoutohelpD.foryouhelping6.—Wouldyoulike______somebreadorbiscuits?—Nothanks.Idon’tfeellikeanythingnow.A.tohave,eatingB.tohave,toeatC.having,toeatD.having,eating7.—Doyourememberme,Tom?—Ah,yes,Iremembered_____youinJUSCOlastyear.A.seeB.seesC.toseeD.seeing1.Boys,don'tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest3.Remember_______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff4.Weagreed_____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet5.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_____inmynewjob.A.expectB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsCB(3)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1.Mothertoldme___comebackbefore10o’clock.2.I’llgetsomeone___repairtherecorderforyou.3.Whatcausedhim___changehismind?4.Iwishyou___comeassoonaspossible.5.Heaskedme___dotheworkwithhim.begcauseforbidobligeforcegethateintendloveorderpreferrequireteachwishpermitpersuaderequestwaitfordependoncallon…sb.todo接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：请求与命令想要邀请期待鼓励与建议答应告诫允许提醒和帮助wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事promisesb.todo答应某人做某事warnsb.nottodosth.告诫某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事tellsb.todosth.命令某人做某事1.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(95N)A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottoitD.donotto为了避免重复，常用省略形式to来代替前面的动作。如：Wouldyouliketovisitourschool?Yes,I’dliketo.有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除tell外，常见的还有：adviseallowcauseencourageforbidforceintendorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequireurgewarnaskwishwant等特别注意：hope,agree,demand,suggest等没有宾补。seewatchobservelookatnoticehearlistentofeel+宾语+do（…做了…）doing（…正在做…）bein