铜纳米粉表面性能研究

兰州理工大学本科毕业论文I毕业设计（论文）铜纳米粉表面性能研究学生姓名孙英学号08080715专业班级金属材料工程2008-4班指导教师路文江提交日期2012年6月材料科学与工程学院兰州理工大学本科毕业论文II摘要纳米铜颗粒的制备经过近20年的迅速发展已可制备出为数众多的各种尺寸的纳米颗粒。但从产业化的角度来看，纳米铜颗粒制备的应用针对性还不强，纳米铜颗粒的产品性质与应用要求还有差距，纳米铜颗粒制备方法与工业化规模生产还有相当的距离。制备和发展纳米铜颗粒材料，满足当今高科技对结构和功能材料的需要，是当今材料科学的重要组成部分。纳米铜颗粒作为一种新材料，其最终价值的体现是其应用于生产和生活，推动生产力的发展。于是，各种制备铜纳米粉的方法应用而生，而电爆炸法更具有独特的优点：可生产超细粉体；能量转换效率高等。近几年来，电爆炸法是新兴起来的、用于工业上生产纯金属、金属氧化物、氮化物和合金的超细粉末的重要方法，以期不久的将来在纳米铜颗粒的制备技术上有所突破，使其能进行工业化生产并得到广泛应用，从而使纳米铜颗粒的优良特性得以造福人类。关键词：纳米材料，性能，工艺，电爆法，晶粒兰州理工大学本科毕业论文IIIABSTRACTPreparationofCunanopartic-lescanbepreparedbyalargenumberofnanoparticlesofvarioussizesafternearly20yearsofrapiddevelopment.However,industry-orientedpointofview,theapplicationofthepreparationofCunanoparticlestargetedisnotstrong,andthenatureoftheproductoftheCunanoparticlesandapplicationrequirementsarestillfarfromtheCunanoparticlespreparationmethodsandtheindustrialscaleproductionisstillaconsiderabledistance.Preparationanddevelopmentofnano-copperparticlematerials,tomeettheneedoftoday'shigh-techmaterialsofthestructureandfunctionisanimportantpartoftoday'smaterialsscience.Cunanoparticlesasanewmaterial,itsfinalvalueisappliedtotheproductionandlife,topromotethedevelopmentofproductiveforces.Thus,theapplicationofavarietyofpreparationofcoppernano-powderwasborn,andtheelectricalexplosionmethodhasuniqueadvantages:canproduceultra-finepowder;highenergyconversionefficiency;particlesevenlydistributedproductionscaleuptokilogramlevel.Inrecentyears,theelectricalexplosionmethodisemergingfortheindustrialproductionofpuremetals,metaloxides,nitridesandalloyultrafinepowdersofthenearfuture,thetechnicalofpreparationofCunanoparticlesbreakthroughtoenablethemtocarryoutindustrialproductionandarewidelyused,sothattheexcellentcharacteristicsofCunanoparticlescanbetothebenefitofmankind.Keywords:nano-materials,performance,process,electricalexplosionmethod,thegrain兰州理工大学本科毕业论文I目录第一章文献综述.....................................................................................................................................11.1纳米材料简介.............................................................................................................11.1.1纳米材料的发展...................................................................................................11.1.2纳米材料的定义.................................................................................................31.1.3纳米材料的结构.................................................................................................41.2纳米材料的性能.........................................................................................................71.2.1力学性能.............................................................................................................71.2.2物理性能.............................................................................................................91.2.3化学性能...........................................................................................................111.3纳米材料的制备.......................................................................................................121.3.1机械法...............................................................................................................121.3.2物理法...............................................................................................................131.3.3化学法............................................................................................................141.3.4电爆炸法制备金属Cu纳米粉末..................................................................151.4研究目的、意义及内容...........................................................................................161.4.1研究的目的和意义...........................................................................................161.4.2研究内容...........................................................................................................171.4.3电爆法制备Cu纳米粉的工艺原理................................................................17第二章实验部分...............................................................................................................................182.1实验仪器..................................................................................................................182.2实验原理..................................................................................................................182.3实验过程..................................................................................................................19第三章结果与讨论.....................................................203.1样品的结构分析......................................................................................................203.2收得率与产量..........................................................................................................253.3影响粒径大小的因素..............................................................................................25兰州理工大学本科毕业论文II3.4比较不同工艺制备的纳米铜粉..............................................................................26第四章结论与展望.............................................................