初中英语语法动词

动词的构成1.be动词2.助动词3.情态动词4.系动词5.实义动词be动词be动词的几种形式1)amisare2)waswere3)being4)beenbe动词的用法1.与名词、数词、形容词、介词连用1)Iamadoctor.2)Heisten.3)Theyaretired.4)Thecatisunderthetable.be动词的用法2.Therebe句型1)用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前Thereisapenonthedesk.Thereissomewaterintheglass.2)用于复数名词之前Therearesomesheepinthehill.3)用于一般将来时ThereisgoingtobeafilminourschoolnextSunday.4)用于一般过去时Therewasabookonthedeskyesterday.Thereusedtobe(过去常)atalltreehere.be动词的用法3.Be动词在时态中的运用1)在现在进行时中Wearetalking（交谈）now.2)在过去进行时中Weweretalking（交谈）atthistimeyesterday.助动词助动词的几种形式1)do/don’t2)does/doesn’t3)did/didn’t4)will/won’t5)have,haven’t/has,hasn’t/hadhadn’t助动词的用法1.对句子进行否定和疑问1)Doyougetupearlyeveryday?2)Ididn’t（没）havelunchyesterday.3)Willyoubebacksoon?4)Hehasn’t（没）finishedtheworkyet.2.在反意疑问句中1)Heworksinaschool,doesn’the?2)Shehasneverbeenthere,hasshe?3.在倒装句中1)Theyhelpedthefarmers,sodidwe.2)Iwon’tvisitthefamoussinger,neitherwillhe.情态动词1.共同特点1)情态动词后面跟动词原型2)无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都用情态动词3)只有时态变化，没有人称变化情态动词2.解释1)can/could在表示请求允许的时候两者和互换，could比can语气更委婉。CanIhelpyou?Couldyouopenthewindow?在表示有能力作某事时，could是can的过去式。Icanswim.Icouldswimattheageoffive.情态动词2)Must/havetoMust表示主观意愿，否定句用Mustn’t，否定回答用needn’tImustgonow.Youmustn’tplayinthestreet.MustIcleantheroomnow?No,youneedn’t.haveto表示客观条件的限制的“不得不”，它有时态和人称变化，需要助动词来否定和疑问。Idon’thavetocarrythebigbox.Hehadtowashhisclothes.情态动词2.解释3)May表示请求别人允许。MayIuseyourbike?表示可能性。Hemaybeateacher.Hemayliveinthisbuilding.系动词1.我们所学过的系动词是1)变成类get，turn，become，make2)感观动词look，sound，smell，taste，feel3)似乎类seemappear4)保持类staykeep2.系动词只和形容词连用，构成系表结构1)Ifeelhungry.2)Thedaygetslongerandlonger.3)Helookedhappy.实义动词1.实义动词指的是有具体行为意思的动词。2.实义动词在句中可以做谓语动词和非谓语动词。3.做谓语动词的用法动词会有四种形式：单三，现在分词，过去式，过去分词实义动词注意：掌握四种形式的变化规律1)Heworksintheoffice.2)Wearedancingtogether.3)Icaughtacoldlastweek.4)Shehaswateredtheflower.实义动词4.做非谓语动词的用法（指出现在谓语动词之后的动词，它受前面谓语动词的限制）动词会有三种形式：1)原型(do)2)动名词(doing)3)不定式(todo)实义动词1)用原型：a)letsb.dob)makesb.doc)helpsb.(to)dod)hadbetterdo实义动词2)用动名词：a)likedoingb)enjoydoingc)finishdoingd)介词之后用动名词begoodatdoingwhataboutdoingthankyoufordoing实义动词3)用不定式：a)wanttodob)decidetodoc)plantodod)wouldliketodoe)learntodof)tellsb.(not)todog)asksb.(not)todo实义动词注意下列词不同形式的不同用法:rememberdoing/todoforgetdoing/todostopdoing/todogoondoing/todo现在进行时:PresentProgressive概念:表示现在正在发生的动作结构:be(is,am,are)+doing标志语：Look!、Listen!、now一般在动词原形后+ing以不发音的e结尾的，去e，+ing重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写这一字母+ing动词-ing形式的构成：writingtakinggettingrunningswimminggoinggoaskwritetakegetrunswimasking1.Thetwins___________(wash)theclothesnow.2.Look!He________(play)basketballoverthere.3.Listen!______Sally_______(sing)?arewashingisplayingIssinging不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动词have,belongto,cost,own,exist,include,matter,weigh,continueIhavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister.2)心理状态的动词Know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateIneedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.3)瞬间动词accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.Iacceptyouradvice.4)系动词seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYouseemalittletired.一般现在时:PresentSimple概念:表示习惯、经常性的动作结构:do、does标志语：usually、often、never、sometimes、onceaweek、twiceamonth、everyyear客观事实，普遍真理TheearthgoesaroundtheSun.主将从现Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgotothepark.WhenIgrowup,IwillgotoAmerica.一般现在表正在Theregoesthebell.一般现在时3.动词碰到第三人称单数时，要加“s”1)work-works2)辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry-carries3)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加“es”，如wash-washes4)go-goes5)do-does6)have-has一般现在时4.例句1)Hegoes(去)toschoolonfooteveryday.2)Weoftenhave（吃）supperathome.3)Shedoesn’tdo（不做）herworkeverySunday.1.Thetwins___________(wash)theclotheseveryday.2.Sometimeshe________(play)basketballoverthere.3.Howoften____Sally______(sing)?washplaysdoessing一般过去时:PastSimple概念:表示过去发生的动作结构:did标志语：yesterday、...ago、in1992、lastweek/month…1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。Wheredidyougojustnow?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.比较：Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.2）情态动词could,would.Couldyoulendmeyourbike?动词-ed形式的构成：在动词后加-ed以字母e结尾的动词，只+d“辅音字母+y”，变y为i,再+ed重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写+edwantanswermovediecarrycrystopplanwantedmoveddiedcarriedcriedstoppedplannedansweredgetgoeataredocutsaygotgottenwentgoneateeatencutcutwerebeendiddonesaidsaidtakeswimdrinkhavecomeputseetooktakenswamswumdrankdrunkputputhadhadcamecomesawseen1.Thetwins___________(wash)theclothesyesterday.2.Thedaybeforeyesterdayhe________(play)basketballoverthere.3._____Sally______(sing)twohoursago?washedplayedDidsing现在完成时:PresentPerfect概念:表示已经发生的动作结构:hasdone、havedone标志语：already、yet、ever、never、since…、for…、现在完成时1．现在完成时的构成：助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词注：has用于第三人称单数，have用于其他所有人称。2．现在完成时的用法：（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already,before,yet,never,ever等状语连用。例如：①Ihavenever（从未）heardofthatbefore.②Haveyouever（曾）riddenahorse?③Shehasalready（已）finishedthe