2015中考英语语法专题复习 定语从句

Ilikethepen.Whichpen?redIlikethepen.(whichone?)Thepencostme10yuan.Ilikecostme10yuan.which↑先行词↑关系代词关系代词就是用来代替先行词的thepen=whichThepenthepen.概念：在复合句中，充当定语的句子叫定语从句。什么是定语从句呢？IookatItookonmytrip.thephotosthephotos.which︿LookatthephotoswhichItookonmytrip.Attributiveclause关系代词which为引导词，在从句中代替photos先行词thatthat先行词：是被定语从句所修饰的词,通常是名词或代词。关系词：是引导定语从句的词，在从句中替代先行词。注意:从句必须紧跟在先行词后。MydadhasafriendthatisgoodatEnglish.Attributiveclause关系代词that为引导词，在从句中代替friend.先行词which可代替物that可代替人（有生命的事物）或物that和which用法小结1.Ican’tfindtheletter.Thelettercamethismorning.2.Pleasegivemethebook.Thebookisabouttravel.3.Thisisthebag.Mymotherboughtitlastweek.4.Thehouseismadeofwood.Jackbuiltthehouse.Thisisthebagwhichmymotherboughtlastweek.Ican’tfindtheletterwhichcamethismorning.Pleasegivemethebookwhichisabouttravel.ThehousewhichJackbuiltismadeofwood.Exercise:关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略//thatthatthatthat1.TheboyiscalledTom.Theboybrokethewindow.TheboythatbrokethewindowiscalledTom.2.Mr.Liistheperson.Youtalkedwiththepersononthebus.Mr.Liuisthepersonthatyoutalkedwithonthebus.关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略/Doyouknowthegirl?(whichgirl?)1.Thegirlisrunningonthegrass.2.Thegirllikessingingverymuch.1.Doyouknowisrunningonthegrass.2.Doyouknowlikessingingverymuch.whowhothegirlThegirlthegirlThegirl??Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.HeisthemanItoldyouabout.Thewomanisateacher.Wesawthewomanintheparkjustnow.Thewomanisateacher.whoWesawintheparkjustnowwhomthewomanwhowhomhim.指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhomSummary关系代词的用法√√√√√√√√√√√√××××关系代词在从句的用法何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略Theboy_______isstandingunderthetreeismyfriendTom.Helivesinahouse______standsonahill.Thatlittlegirl______TomoftenhelpsishissisterMary.Thebird______issinginginthecageisTom’stoo.Bobishisdog______TomandMaryoftenplaywith.Thedogisgreat.Yesterdayhecaughtathief______wasrunningaway.thatwhowhomwhich/thatwhothatwhichthatwhichthat/whothat1.LastnightIsawaverygoodfilm_____wasabouttheyouth.2.Thestudent_________youwanttoseehascomeback.3.IlikeJudyandherhouse_________areverybeautiful.whichwho/whomthatIwant’swindowfacesthesea.Eg:我看见一些叶子是黄色的树。Isawsometrees_______leaveswereyellow.护士就是以照看病人为工作的人。Anurseisaperson_______jobistotakecareofthepatientinthehospital.aroomTheroom.whosewhosewhose关系副词When表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语Istillremembertheyearwhenyougraduatedfrom8MiddleSchool.Why表示原因，在定从中作原因状语，先行词只有表示原因的reason一词。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewassick.Where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ThatistheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.IlikeIlived2yearsago.IlikethehouseinwhichIlived2yearsago.IlikethehousewhereIlived2yearsago.Mybirthdayisatime_________Igetlotsofpresents.thehouse.thehouseinwhichwherewhen修饰对象时间地点原因关系副词先行词和关系副词的搭配when=in/on…whichwhere=in/on/…whichwhy=forwhich难点(1)：区分who,whom1.Theman_____talkedtoyoujustnowisaworker.2.Theforeigner________visitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.3.I’dliketoseetheboy______youtalkedabout.4.Thegirl______wesawyesterdayisJohn’ssister.whowhowhomwhom难点(2):关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略，作主语则不可。1.Didyoureadthebook________Ilendtoyou?A.whoseB./C.whoD.what2.Didyoureadthebook_______waspopularatthemoment.A.thatB./C.whoD.whatBA难点(3):介词前置：1、介词前置时不可用that代替。2、词组不可前置1.Thisisthedictionary______Ipaidtendollars.A.whichB./C.whoD.forwhich2.Isawawoman_____Italkedyesterday.A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.whose3.Thisisthefarm_______Ionceworked.A.inwhichB.onwhichC.atwhichD.which4.Isthisbook________youare________?A.forwhich,lookingB.forthat,lookingC.which,lookingforD.which,lookingDCBC特殊情况指物时只能用that的情况1.先行词为__________________________等不定代词时2.先行词被____________________________修饰时3.先行词被____________________________修饰时4.先行词被____________________修饰时5.先行词是be的表语或therebe的主语时指人时只能用that的情况1.2.不能用that的情况1.2.everything,all,little,muchall,every,no,any,some,little,much,theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast序数词或形容词最高级先行词有人又有物时当主句是以who或which开头的特殊问句时介词前置时非限制性定语从句难点(4):特殊情况1.Tomtoldhisfathereverything_____hadhappened.A.thatB.whichC.\D.what2.Finally,thethiefhandedallmoney_____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.what3.Thisisthelasttime__________I’llteachyou.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich4.ThefilmIsawafewdaysagoisthebestone____I’lleverseen.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.onwhichACBC5.Thereisabook________youhaveread.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who6.Itisabook_______isveryinteresting.A.whoB.whichC./D.that7.Whoisthegirl_________issingingattheparty.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which8.Theyvisitedtheworkersandfactories_______theyhadknownabout.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.thatADCD限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，若去掉，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。Shehasfoundthenacklace（that）shelosttwoweeksago,非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明（注：通常和主句间用逗号隔开，不受主句句子结构的影响，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立）例：Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.