高考英语语法：非谓语动词用法

____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.HavingsleptOnelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand___them.A.correctB.correctingC.correctsD.tocorrectMultiplechoice过去分词不定式-ing形式非谓语动词不定式的作用不定式的时态不定式的否定形式不定式近五年不定式考查主要考查了不定式做宾语和表语。此外还考了不定式的时态和否定形式。1.作状语2.作定语3.作表语4.作补语过去分词不定式不定式的作用1[例1]NMET2000第19题I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…[例2]NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式不定式的作用1因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，古表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故选B。不定式的时态2[例3]NMET1997第12题Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：Wouldlove,meant,hoped,planned,expected,promised,wish等例如：Imeanttohavetelephonedyou,butIforgot.[例4]NMET1999第14题Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyD.tohavebeenstudyingA该题考查动词不定式做宾语的用法。Wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望，而未曾实现”的意思。不定式不定式的否定形式3[例5]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.ToeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，①warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用①结构。两外，not应放在to之前。在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等）须接不带to的不定式做宾补。过去分词过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。1.作状语[例1]NMET1996第23题_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供的语境可用结构B.过去分词2.作定语[例2]NMET1997第17题TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.FirstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.过去分词3.作表语[例3]NMET1998第23题Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。Theplan与carryout的关系是被动关系。Seesth.done这结构常见的还有watch(notice,observe,have和make)sth.done.[例4]NMET2000第22题Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.A.carryputB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC-ing形式[例]NMET1998Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAMakingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面。如：Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Thanksforlistening!!